產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感官(guan)特征:磚埠草莓果(guo)實(shi)色澤均勻,美(mei)觀艷麗,圓錐形,大(da)(da)小一(yi)致,平均單(dan)果(guo)重≥31.5克,最大(da)(da)單(dan)果(guo)重50克,種子(zi)稍(shao)凹于果(guo)面,果(guo)肉橙紅,酸甜爽口,風味獨特,具有濃郁(yu)的(de)香味,深受廣大(da)(da)消費(fei)者喜(xi)愛。
2、內在品(pin)質指(zhi)標:磚(zhuan)埠草(cao)(cao)莓(mei)(mei)果實營養豐富,磚(zhuan)埠草(cao)(cao)莓(mei)(mei)新鮮漿(jiang)果中(zhong)含總(zong)酸≤0.8%,可溶性固(gu)形物≥7.8%,鋅≥0.7mg/kg,鈣≥143mg/kg,鐵≥4.3mg/kg。因(yin)此,磚(zhuan)埠草(cao)(cao)莓(mei)(mei)是一種理(li)想的(de)健康食品(pin)。
3、安全要求:磚埠草莓達到農業部(bu)認證無公(gong)害農產(chan)品(pin)標準,每批(pi)產(chan)品(pin)上市前都(dou)要進(jin)行上市檢測,每批(pi)產(chan)品(pin)都(dou)有企業內部(bu)檢查員(yuan)檢查,不合格產(chan)品(pin)不準出(chu)園。
自然生(sheng)態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)因素
1、沂南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)屬魯東南(nan)山(shan)地丘陵區(qu)(qu),位于(yu)沂蒙山(shan)區(qu)(qu)中部(bu)蒙山(shan)東麓,沂河(he)流域(yu)中上游。磚埠草莓(mei)產于(yu)中部(bu)平原,地處(chu)(chu)沂、汶、蒙三河(he)交匯處(chu)(chu),系(xi)新生(sheng)代(dai)第四紀沖積(ji)物(wu)、坡積(ji)物(wu)與洪(hong)積(ji)物(wu)所(suo)形成,坦蕩(dang)如砥,沃野(ye)千傾,土壤質地好,土層深厚,水資源豐富,是全縣(xian)(xian)“三高"農業重點發展區(qu)(qu)。
2、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特點:該區域土(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型為(wei)河潮土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)壤的pH值在6.5—7.1之間,呈微(wei)酸性,具有(you)(you)發(fa)展(zhan)草莓(mei)生產得天獨厚的自然(ran)條件(jian)。土(tu)(tu)壤養(yang)分含量豐(feng)富(fu),平(ping)原(yuan)地帶表層土(tu)(tu)壤有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量達(da)到1.6%--3% ;堿(jian)解氮含量113ppm,最高(gao)可達(da)201ppm;有(you)(you)效磷(lin)含量81.32ppm,最高(gao)可達(da)142.8ppm;速效鉀含量84.6ppm,最高(gao)可達(da)210ppm。良好的土(tu)(tu)壤質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地條件(jian)和豐(feng)富(fu)的養(yang)分含量,有(you)(you)利于實(shi)現草莓(mei)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)產。
3、氣(qi)候特點:屬暖(nuan)溫帶季風區半(ban)濕(shi)潤大陸性(xing)氣(qi)候,四季分明,春季回暖(nuan)迅速,晝夜溫差大,夏季高溫高濕(shi),雨量充沛(pei),秋季天高氣(qi)爽(shuang)。歷(li)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫13.4℃,降水(shui)(shui)量832.1毫米,無(wu)霜期(qi)219天,平(ping)均日照時(shi)(shi)數2275小時(shi)(shi)。空氣(qi)清(qing)潔(jie),光照充足,晝夜溫差大,具有(you)豐富的(de)光、熱資源,滿足了(le)草莓生長發(fa)育需要。4、水(shui)(shui)文情況:屬淮河(he)(he)流(liu)域,境(jing)內(nei)(nei)有(you)大小河(he)(he)流(liu)35條(tiao),全長210公里(li),其中(zhong)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)長10公里(li)以(yi)上的(de)有(you)9條(tiao)。沂、汶(wen)、蒙三(san)河(he)(he)為主(zhu)要河(he)(he)流(liu)。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)有(you)小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫7座(zuo),塘壩(ba)31座(zuo),灌溉機電井592眼,電灌站22座(zuo)。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)利(li)設(she)施配(pei)套(tao)齊全,地下水(shui)(shui)源充足,水(shui)(shui)質清(qing)澈,無(wu)污(wu)(wu)染,達到(dao)了(le)旱能(neng)澆、澇(lao)能(neng)排(pai)。同時(shi)(shi)磚埠草莓種(zhong)植(zhi)區內(nei)(nei)無(wu)大型(xing)工廠,無(wu)“三(san)廢”排(pai)放污(wu)(wu)染,也沒有(you)重金屬污(wu)(wu)染歷(li)史(shi)。
地域范圍
磚埠草(cao)(cao)莓生產于山東省沂南(nan)縣(xian)境內(nei)(nei)的(de)磚埠鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、依汶鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和界(jie)湖(hu)街道等5個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、街道,總面積(ji)383.27平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里。磚埠草(cao)(cao)莓的(de)地域保護范圍為(wei)山東省沂南(nan)縣(xian)境內(nei)(nei),東至大(da)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),西至張莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),南(nan)至磚埠鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),北至依汶鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),轄(xia)5個鄉、街道,地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東經118°19′-118°33′,北緯(wei)35°19′-35°35′。
特定生產方式
1、選地:“磚埠草(cao)莓”的產地選擇旱能澆、澇(lao)能排,土(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)良好、灌溉水(shui)無(wu)污染,遠離廠(chang)礦企業,大氣、土(tu)壤(rang)、水(shui)質(zhi)等(deng)環(huan)境條(tiao)件(jian)均符合國家無(wu)公害農產品(pin)原料(liao)生產基地環(huan)境質(zhi)量標準的地域。
2、育(yu)苗定(ding)植(zhi):磚埠草莓(mei)主要種植(zhi)品種為(wei)甜(tian)查理,選擇(ze)生長旺盛、無病蟲(chong)危害、匍匐莖已顯露、符合本品種特征(zheng)的(de)健壯植(zhi)株作為(wei)育(yu)苗母(mu)株。定(ding)植(zhi)采用起壟(long)(long)栽(zai)培(pei)、開溝定(ding)向(xiang)定(ding)植(zhi)法,每壟(long)(long)雙行(xing),每畝栽(zai)植(zhi)0.9萬株。栽(zai)植(zhi)深(shen)度以(yi)“淺不露根,深(shen)不埋(mai)心”為(wei)原則。
3、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室管(guan)(guan)理:日光(guang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)室于(yu)10中(zhong)下旬開(kai)(kai)始扣(kou)(kou)棚;其它(ta)大棚于(yu)11月中(zhong)旬開(kai)(kai)始扣(kou)(kou)棚。草(cao)莓(mei)恢復生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)后(hou),應根據不同的生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)階段采取不同的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)管(guan)(guan)理。扣(kou)(kou)棚后(hou)至開(kai)(kai)花前(qian)(qian),白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)25—30℃,夜(ye)間(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)5—10℃。開(kai)(kai)花后(hou),白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)以(yi)25℃為(wei)宜,不要超過(guo)30℃,夜(ye)間(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)5℃以(yi)上(shang),地(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)18-20℃;果實(shi)膨大期,白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)20—25℃,地(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)18-20℃,夜(ye)間(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)5℃以(yi)上(shang)。采收(shou)(shou)期白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)以(yi)不高于(yu)25℃為(wei)宜,夜(ye)間(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)5℃以(yi)上(shang)。地(di)(di)膜(mo)覆蓋(gai)。時(shi)間(jian)以(yi)扣(kou)(kou)棚保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)后(hou)10天(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)宜。為(wei)防(fang)止雜草(cao)滋(zi)生(sheng)(sheng),覆蓋(gai)黑色地(di)(di)膜(mo)。蓋(gai)膜(mo)后(hou),立即破膜(mo)引苗。加(jia)強(qiang)肥水管(guan)(guan)理。在(zai)扣(kou)(kou)棚保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)前(qian)(qian)和地(di)(di)膜(mo)覆蓋(gai)前(qian)(qian)各澆一次水,以(yi)后(hou)除結(jie)合追(zhui)(zhui)肥澆水外,再根據具體情(qing)況進行(xing)補水。追(zhui)(zhui)肥根據苗情(qing)而定,在(zai)開(kai)(kai)花前(qian)(qian)、果實(shi)膨大期、采收(shou)(shou)始期、盛收(shou)(shou)期、及收(shou)(shou)后(hou)植株(zhu)恢復生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)時(shi)各進行(xing)一次追(zhui)(zhui)肥。病蟲害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堅持(chi)以(yi)“農業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu),化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)輔”的無害化防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則。