芒果视频

蘄(qi)艾(ai)（學名：ArtemisiaargyiLevl.etVan.var.argyicv.Qiai）又名：大葉艾(ai)、祁艾(ai)等，屬桔(jie)梗目，菊科多年生草本或略成半灌木(mu)狀，因產于(yu)蘄(qi)州而得名，蘄(qi)春(chun)縣“蘄(qi)春(chun)四(si)寶”（蘄(qi)竹、蘄(qi)艾(ai)、蘄(qi)蛇、蘄(qi)龜(gui)）之一(yi)，特產中藥材(cai)，中國國家地(di)理(li)標志產品，莖、葉均可入藥。蘄(qi)艾(ai)含(han)17種(zhong)已知化合物。蘄(qi)艾(ai)油有明(ming)顯的平(ping)喘、鎮咳、祛痰及(ji)清炎作用(yong)。

形態特征

多年生草本或(huo)(huo)(huo)略(lve)成(cheng)半(ban)灌木狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，植株有(you)濃烈香氣。主根明顯，略(lve)粗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，直徑(jing)達(da)1.5厘米(mi)，側根多；常有(you)橫臥地下(xia)根狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)莖(jing)及營養枝(zhi)。莖(jing)單生或(huo)(huo)(huo)少(shao)數，高(gao)80-150（-250）厘米(mi)，有(you)明顯縱棱(leng)，褐(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)灰(hui)(hui)黃褐(he)色(se)(se)，基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稍木質(zhi)化(hua)，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)草質(zhi)，并有(you)少(shao)數短(duan)的(de)(de)分枝(zhi)，枝(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-5厘米(mi)；莖(jing)、枝(zhi)均(jun)被(bei)(bei)(bei)灰(hui)(hui)色(se)(se)蛛絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔毛(mao)。葉(xie)厚(hou)紙質(zhi)，上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)被(bei)(bei)(bei)灰(hui)(hui)白(bai)色(se)(se)短(duan)柔毛(mao)，并有(you)白(bai)色(se)(se)腺點(dian)與小(xiao)(xiao)凹點(dian)，背(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)密被(bei)(bei)(bei)灰(hui)(hui)白(bai)色(se)(se)蛛絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)密絨毛(mao)；基(ji)生葉(xie)具(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)柄，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期萎(wei)謝；莖(jing)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)近(jin)(jin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)深(shen)裂(lie)，每(mei)(mei)側具(ju)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)2-3枚，裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，每(mei)(mei)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)有(you)2-3枚小(xiao)(xiao)裂(lie)齒(chi)，干后背(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)主、側脈(mo)多為(wei)深(shen)褐(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)銹色(se)(se)，葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-0.8厘米(mi)；中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、三角狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)近(jin)(jin)菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-8厘米(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)4-7厘米(mi)，一（至二）回羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)深(shen)裂(lie)至半(ban)裂(lie)，每(mei)(mei)側裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)2-3枚，裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5-5厘米(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)1.5-2厘米(mi)，不(bu)(bu)再分裂(lie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)每(mei)(mei)側有(you)1-2枚缺齒(chi)，葉(xie)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)漸狹(xia)成(cheng)短(duan)柄，葉(xie)脈(mo)明顯，在(zai)背(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)凸(tu)起，干時銹色(se)(se)，葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.2-0.5厘米(mi)，基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)常無(wu)假托葉(xie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)極小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)假托葉(xie)；上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)與苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)半(ban)裂(lie)、淺裂(lie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)3深(shen)裂(lie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)3淺裂(lie)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)分裂(lie)，而為(wei)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直徑(jing)2.5-3（-3.5）毫米(mi)，無(wu)梗或(huo)(huo)(huo)近(jin)(jin)無(wu)梗，每(mei)(mei)數枚至10余枚在(zai)分枝(zhi)上(shang)(shang)排成(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)型的(de)(de)穗(sui)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序或(huo)(huo)(huo)復穗(sui)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序，并在(zai)莖(jing)上(shang)(shang)通(tong)常再組成(cheng)狹(xia)窄、尖塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序下(xia)傾；總(zong)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)3-4層，覆瓦狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)排列，外(wai)層總(zong)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)小(xiao)(xiao)，草質(zhi)，卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)狹(xia)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，背(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)密被(bei)(bei)(bei)灰(hui)(hui)白(bai)色(se)(se)蛛絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)綿毛(mao)，邊緣膜質(zhi)，中(zhong)層總(zong)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)較外(wai)層長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，背(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)被(bei)(bei)(bei)蛛絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)綿毛(mao)，內層總(zong)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)質(zhi)薄(bo)，背(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)近(jin)(jin)無(wu)毛(mao)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序托小(xiao)(xiao)；雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)6-10朵(duo)(duo)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠狹(xia)管(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，檐(yan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)2裂(lie)齒(chi)，紫(zi)色(se)(se)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)細(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，伸(shen)出花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠外(wai)甚長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，先端2叉(cha)(cha)；兩性(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)8-12朵(duo)(duo)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠管(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)高(gao)腳杯狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，外(wai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)腺點(dian)，檐(yan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)紫(zi)色(se)(se)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥狹(xia)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，先端附屬物尖，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)不(bu)(bu)明顯的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)尖頭，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)與花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠近(jin)(jin)等長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)略(lve)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)于花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠，先端2叉(cha)(cha)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后向(xiang)外(wai)彎曲(qu)，叉(cha)(cha)端截(jie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，并有(you)睫毛(mao)。瘦果長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果期7-10月。

生(sheng)長(chang)習性 蘄艾喜溫暖、濕(shi)潤的氣(qi)候，以(yi)潮濕(shi)肥(fei)沃的土壤生(sheng)長(chang)較好。人工栽培(pei)在丘(qiu)陵、低中山地區，生(sheng)長(chang)繁(fan)盛期24~30℃，氣(qi)溫高于30℃莖(jing)桿易老化(hua)，抽枝，病蟲害(hai)加(jia)重，冬季低溫小于-3℃當年(nian)生(sheng)宿根生(sheng)長(chang)不好。

地理分布

分布廣，除極(ji)干旱與(yu)高寒地(di)區(qu)(qu)外(wai)，幾(ji)遍及全中(zhong)國。生于(yu)低海拔至中(zhong)海拔地(di)區(qu)(qu)的荒(huang)地(di)、路旁河邊(bian)及山(shan)坡等地(di)，也見于(yu)森林(lin)草(cao)原(yuan)及草(cao)原(yuan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，局部地(di)區(qu)(qu)為植物群(qun)落的優勢種。蒙古、朝鮮、蘇(su)聯（遠東地(di)區(qu)(qu)）也有(you)。日本有(you)栽培。

選地整地

蘄(qi)艾極易繁衍生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，對氣(qi)候和(he)土壤(rang)(rang)的適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)較強，耐寒耐旱，田邊、地(di)(di)頭、山坡、荒(huang)地(di)(di)均可選擇(ze)為(wei)種植(zhi)地(di)(di)。蘄(qi)艾的適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)很(hen)強，為(wei)了節(jie)約土地(di)(di)資源，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)丘陵等進(jin)行合(he)(he)理布局；基(ji)地(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有灌溉水條件，附近無(wu)(wu)(wu)居民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活水和(he)工業水污染(ran)；基(ji)地(di)(di)土壤(rang)(rang)、大氣(qi)質量(liang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)國(guo)家級二標(biao)準，生(sheng)(sheng)產用水應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)農(nong)田灌溉水質標(biao)準，土壤(rang)(rang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)無(wu)(wu)(wu)有毒有害藥物殘留和(he)人(ren)畜糞便、生(sheng)(sheng)活垃圾污染(ran)，并(bing)按規(gui)定定期(qi)進(jin)行檢(jian)測(ce)。以(yi)土層(ceng)深厚、土壤(rang)(rang)通透性(xing)好(hao)(hao)、有機質豐(feng)富(fu)的中性(xing)土壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)好(hao)(hao)。根據(ju)種植(zhi)地(di)(di)土層(ceng)結(jie)(jie)構特點，適(shi)度掌(zhang)握(wo)犁耙次數，結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)整(zheng)地(di)(di)施(shi)足(zu)經充分腐(fu)熟達到無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害化的土雜(za)肥22.5~30.0t/hm ，均勻混(hun)合(he)(he)翻入土層(ceng)，然后(hou)修溝做廂待種。

繁殖方法

蘄艾的(de)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖方法(fa)有種子(zi)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖、根狀莖繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖、分(fen)株(zhu)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖。種子(zi)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖出芽率低，僅為5%，且(qie)苗期長（2年），一般不(bu)采(cai)用；根狀莖繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖，成活率高，但苗期較長（2個月）；分(fen)株(zhu)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖最(zui)好，不(bu)僅成活率高且(qie)無幼(you)苗生長期，繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖速度快，為普(pu)遍采(cai)用。選育(yu)良(liang)種要(yao)求葉片(pian)肥厚(hou)而大，莖桿粗(cu)壯(zhuang)直立，葉色濃(nong)綠(lv)，氣味濃(nong)郁，密(mi)被絨毛，幼(you)苗根系發達。

栽植密度

2-3月，苗(miao)高(gao)5~10cm，選(xuan)地面潮濕（最好是(shi)雨后(hou)或(huo)陰天）時，從母株莖(jing)基分離的幼(you)苗(miao)，按株行距30cm×40cm栽苗(miao)，每穴2~3株，覆土壓實。栽后(hou)2~3d內(nei)如(ru)果沒有下雨，要滴水保(bao)墑。栽植150株/m ，平均每株產干(gan)艾葉4g，單產干(gan)艾葉5250kg/hm 左右。