品種形成
“華(hua)(hua)(hua)容(rong)(rong)黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)(tai)”由(you)華(hua)(hua)(hua)容(rong)(rong)縣農民何(he)忠(zhong)岳1978年發現培育成功。該品種(zhong)形似白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)(tai),其葉呈金(jin)黃(huang)(huang)色,比傳(chuan)統種(zhong)植的小(xiao)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)(tai)要早熟2個多(duo)月,經過何(he)忠(zhong)岳多(duo)年的悉心種(zhong)植,培育出(chu)了(le)具(ju)有生長期短、發苗快、無(wu)公害且抗倒(dao)伏(fu)等特點的白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)(tai)新品種(zhong),并于1992年得到了(le)華(hua)(hua)(hua)容(rong)(rong)縣農科所的技(ji)術(shu)認證(zheng),取名為“黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)苔(tai)(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)”。何(he)忠(zhong)岳能種(zhong)植黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)苔(tai)(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的技(ji)術(shu)得到了(le)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)農的廣泛認可,種(zhong)植面積(ji)迅速擴大。2001年起,華(hua)(hua)(hua)容(rong)(rong)縣發動全縣10多(duo)個鄉(xiang)鎮普遍推種(zhong)這種(zhong)早季(ji)節(jie)的黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)苔(tai)(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai),并于次年得以在(zai)全縣大面積(ji)擴種(zhong)。
品種特性
華容黃(huang)(huang)白菜苔(tai)(tai),白菜苔(tai)(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的黃(huang)(huang)苔(tai)(tai)類型,湖(hu)南地方(fang)品(pin)種。早中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熟、優(you)質(zhi)。從播種到開(kai)始采(cai)收(shou)60天左右(you),該品(pin)種不(bu)耐熱、播種過早易感(gan)軟腐病。長沙9月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬播種,10月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬定(ding)植,11月(yue)采(cai)收(shou)上(shang)市。植株(zhu)生長熱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等,葉(xie)金黃(huang)(huang)色(se),開(kai)展(zhan)度50cm左右(you),株(zhu)高20cm左右(you)。菜苔(tai)(tai)嫩(nen)(nen)黃(huang)(huang)色(se),肥嫩(nen)(nen),品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao);每667㎡產量約1500kg。適宜在湖(hu)南、湖(hu)北等長江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下游地區作晚熟栽培。 “華容黃(huang)(huang)白菜苔(tai)(tai)”生長期短、發苗快(kuai)、無(wu)公害且抗倒(dao)伏(fu)、葉(xie)呈(cheng)金黃(huang)(huang)色(se)、鮮嫩(nen)(nen)、爽(shuang)口,以其獨特的風味俏銷四方(fang),深受消(xiao)費者青睞。
產地環境
華容縣(xian)位于湖南省(sheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部邊(bian)陲,岳陽市(shi)(shi)西(xi)境(jing),地處(chu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經120°18′31″-113°1′32″,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)緯29°10′18″-29°48′27″。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)倚長江(jiang)(jiang),南濱洞(dong)庭(ting)湖。周鄰(lin)6縣(xian)(市(shi)(shi))、場,東(dong)(dong)(dong)與岳陽市(shi)(shi)君山區交界,西(xi)與益陽市(shi)(shi)南縣(xian)相(xiang)鄰(lin),南連(lian)國營北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)洲子農場,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)接(jie)湖北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)石首市(shi)(shi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)與湖北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)監利市(shi)(shi)隔江(jiang)(jiang)而望(wang)。縣(xian)境(jing)廣袤70公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,境(jing)內(nei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)最大橫距(ju)68公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,南北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)最大縱距(ju)80公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。集(ji)雨面(mian)積(ji)1612平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,占(zhan)全省(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)的0.76%。其中平原1028平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,占(zhan)56%;低(di)山丘(qiu)崗區328平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,占(zhan)17.8%;水(shui)面(mian)255平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,占(zhan)26.2%。
氣(qi)候方面,華容地屬北亞熱帶,為(wei)濕潤性大陸季風(feng)氣(qi)候。具有(you)“氣(qi)候溫和,四(si)季分明,熱量充足,雨水(shui)集中;春溫多(duo)變(bian),夏秋(qiu)多(duo)旱(han),嚴寒期短,暑熱期長(chang)”的特點。全(quan)年太陽(yang)可照時數4425.9小時。年平均氣(qi)溫為(wei)16.6C,變(bian)幅在16.3~17.6C之間。境內水(shui)域(yu)大,空(kong)氣(qi)濕潤,干燥(zao)度小。
水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源方(fang)面,華(hua)容(rong)境(jing)內(nei)湖泊星布,河(he)流網織,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系發達。有內(nei)湖21個,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積74.5平方(fang)公(gong)里,調(diao)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量12154萬(wan)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)河(he)8條,長95.1公(gong)里,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量3857萬(wan)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)59座(zuo),其中中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)2座(zuo),小(一)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)6座(zuo),小(二)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)51座(zuo),山塘(tang)港土當6208處(chu),總(zong)(zong)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量6873萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。長江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系藕池河(he)、華(hua)容(rong)河(he)穿境(jing)而過。加上每年平均降雨量1214毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)(zong)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量21.3億(yi)(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),減去蒸發量6.3億(yi)(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總(zong)(zong)量為(wei)15億(yi)(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),其中地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)11.4億(yi)(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)3.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是名副其實的“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鄉”。
土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)方(fang)面,全(quan)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)占(zhan)57.6%,潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)占(zhan)24.7%,紅壤(rang)(rang)占(zhan)17.6%,菜園土(tu)(tu)(tu)占(zhan)0.1%。華容肥沃的土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang),溫(wen)暖濕(shi)潤的氣候,適宜植物生(sheng)長(chang)。
生產情況
華容縣(xian)圍繞(rao)“農(nong)(nong)民增收”這一(yi)核心,積極(ji)引導(dao)農(nong)(nong)民發展黃(huang)(huang)白菜(cai)(cai)苔(tai)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)。該(gai)縣(xian)適時(shi)組(zu)織菜(cai)(cai)農(nong)(nong)開展技術(shu)培訓(xun)、農(nong)(nong)技人(ren)員深(shen)入(ru)田間地(di)頭指導(dao)用肥和(he)防蟲(chong)病等知識(shi),大(da)力推廣(guang)無(wu)公害標準化生產(chan)(chan)(chan)。縣(xian)蔬菜(cai)(cai)協會(hui)組(zu)織46個小分隊進村入(ru)戶進行坐點收購,并(bing)在北京、長(chang)沙(sha)、廣(guang)州等地(di)設立銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)窗口。該(gai)縣(xian)還(huan)加(jia)大(da)了對黃(huang)(huang)白菜(cai)(cai)苔(tai)規模化、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業化的力度,成(cheng)功申(shen)報(bao)“黃(huang)(huang)白菜(cai)(cai)苔(tai)”為國家農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標志。到2009年,全縣(xian)種植(zhi)面積達到5萬(wan)畝,產(chan)(chan)(chan)量突破7萬(wan)噸,實現銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)收入(ru)6000萬(wan)元(yuan),農(nong)(nong)民種菜(cai)(cai)的每年純收入(ru)達1500元(yuan)。