芒果视频

平利(li)絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)，葫蘆(lu)科絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)屬植物。中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材品(pin)種，陜西(xi)省平利(li)縣特(te)產(chan)(chan)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家地理(li)標(biao)志產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。平利(li)是(shi)絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)的自然分布分化中(zhong)(zhong)心，有“絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)故鄉”之稱，獨特(te)的區域小生態環境十(shi)分適宜絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)的生長(chang)發育(yu)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)開(kai)發最早、規模最大的絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)人(ren)工栽培基地縣、國(guo)(guo)家絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)標(biao)準化示范區。平利(li)縣絞(jiao)股藍(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)以(yi)純天然、無公害和富含微量元(yuan)素走俏日本、北京、廣州等(deng)市場(chang)。

種植條件

絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)被醫學(xue)界(jie)譽(yu)為東方(fang)神草、人間福音草，但其(qi)對(dui)土壤(rang)、氣候(hou)(hou)等條件要求較高(gao)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)除福建、湖北、云南(nan)、四川等省有少(shao)量(liang)(liang)種(zhong)植外，地(di)處北亞熱帶濕潤季風氣候(hou)(hou)區的(de)平(ping)利縣，由于雨量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛，氣候(hou)(hou)溫和(he)(he)(he)，日照充(chong)足，無霜期時間長，土壤(rang)有害物質含量(liang)(liang)低，成為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內生態(tai)型藥用植物種(zhong)植示(shi)范基(ji)地(di)的(de)最佳區域。據統(tong)計(ji)，2007年，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)人工種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積約7萬(wan)畝，陜西(xi)省只有安康(kang)市(shi)發展(zhan)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)產業(ye)，全市(shi)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積2．8萬(wan)畝，平(ping)利占(zhan)了2萬(wan)畝，種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積和(he)(he)(he)原料產量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)全中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)35%以上，苦(ku)味(wei)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)屬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)獨有品種(zhong)，選(xuan)育的(de)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)良種(zhong)有效物質含量(liang)(liang)比(bi)其(qi)他(ta)品種(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)區域高(gao)5個百分(fen)點(dian)，處于國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際領先水平(ping)。平(ping)利縣是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)的(de)自然分(fen)布(bu)分(fen)化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)，在世界(jie)上已發現的(de)16種(zhong)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)藍(lan)屬植物中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，該縣就(jiu)占(zhan)了7種(zhong)，其(qi)皂甙含量(liang)(liang)高(gao)達(da)12.2%，理化(hua)指(zhi)標位(wei)居榜(bang)首。

生產情況

安康(kang)自(zi)古以(yi)來就盛產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材，歷史上被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材之鄉”。《唐書·地理(li)志》就有金州杜(du)仲(zhong)、秦艽、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)柏(bo)等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“貢品”的(de)(de)記載。鎮(zhen)坪的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)連、紫陽的(de)(de)厚樸、嵐皋的(de)(de)杜(du)仲(zhong)、平(ping)利(li)的(de)(de)八(ba)仙(xian)黨參等(deng)地道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)聞名遐邇。200多(duo)(duo)年(nian)前這(zhe)里就是(shi)“山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)農過半，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)商(shang)絡(luo)繹不絕”。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)源普查，全(quan)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)類1299種(zhong)，總(zong)數占(zhan)全(quan)省(sheng)53%以(yi)上。屬于2000年(nian)版《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典》收(shou)(shou)(shou)載的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材290種(zhong)，占(zhan)《藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)總(zong)數的(de)(de)68.4%。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)、葛根(gen)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)姜、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)連、當歸、杜(du)仲(zhong)、淫(yin)羊藿、葉下珠、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)柏(bo)、厚樸、麝香(xiang)、蜈蚣(gong)、熊(xiong)膽、桔(jie)梗、秦巴硒(xi)菇、玄參、獨活、云木香(xiang)、川牛膝、豬苓(ling)、魔芋（藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)食兩(liang)用）等(deng)產(chan)(chan)量居全(quan)省(sheng)首位。自(zi)20世紀(ji)70年(nian)代初開(kai)始，平(ping)利(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)手絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)系(xi)統研究(jiu)開(kai)發工(gong)作(zuo)，先后攻克了(le)野生馴化(hua)(hua)(hua)、無(wu)(wu)性快速繁殖、病(bing)蟲害(hai)防治和(he)(he)科(ke)學采收(shou)(shou)(shou)等(deng)一系(xi)列(lie)(lie)人工(gong)栽培難題，研制(zhi)出絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)茶、飲(yin)料(liao)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品等(deng)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)品，隨著(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)加入WTO，為(wei)(wei)(wei)讓絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)打入國(guo)(guo)(guo)際市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，平(ping)利(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)加快了(le)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)第(di)一縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)步伐(fa)，成(cheng)立了(le)由(you)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)長(chang)掛帥的(de)(de)領導小組(zu)，采取公(gong)司+基地+農戶(hu)的(de)(de)模式，吸引安康(kang)正(zheng)大(da)和(he)(he)北醫大(da)制(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有限公(gong)司投資(zi)500余(yu)(yu)萬元(yuan)，在(zai)城(cheng)關、長(chang)安兩(liang)鎮(zhen)建(jian)設(she)GAP藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)源基地，扶(fu)持組(zu)建(jian)了(le)農盛、五(wu)和(he)(he)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)彩等(deng)3個絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)龍(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)25個加工(gong)企業(ye)(ye)，實(shi)行(xing)訂(ding)單生產(chan)(chan)，建(jian)成(cheng)2萬畝國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)示范(fan)基地。同時，建(jian)立完善(shan)了(le)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研究(jiu)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)推(tui)廣和(he)(he)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)監測三大(da)體系(xi)，成(cheng)立了(le)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研究(jiu)課題組(zu)，形成(cheng)了(le)以(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍(long)頭(tou)，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)、村三級(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紐(niu)帶的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)推(tui)廣網(wang)絡(luo)，培育(yu)出11個新(xin)品系(xi)，起草(cao)的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)7項標(biao)準(zhun)被發布(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)地方標(biao)準(zhun)，填補了(le)陜西(xi)省(sheng)執行(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)空(kong)白，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發布(bu)的(de)(de)第(di)一項絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)地方標(biao)準(zhun)。此(ci)外，他們實(shi)行(xing)政(zheng)策傾(qing)斜，累(lei)計投入700多(duo)(duo)萬元(yuan)扶(fu)持絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)發展，召開(kai)現場(chang)(chang)會、培訓(xun)會200余(yu)(yu)場(chang)(chang)次，培訓(xun)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)骨干(gan)、示范(fan)大(da)戶(hu)10000多(duo)(duo)人次，印(yin)發技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)資(zi)料(liao)20000余(yu)(yu)份，標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)植普及率(lv)達95%以(yi)上，創造出畝產(chan)(chan)鮮草(cao)5000公(gong)斤的(de)(de)奇跡。2005年(nian)6月，“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)專利(li)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)程”試點(dian)基地項目在(zai)陜西(xi)平(ping)利(li)正(zheng)式啟動，平(ping)利(li)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)十大(da)基地之一，該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)連獲(huo)三項殊(shu)榮：絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)示范(fan)區通過國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)；有機(ji)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)茶獲(huo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)認證(zheng)；絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)原產(chan)(chan)地域(yu)保護產(chan)(chan)品。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)品以(yi)純天然、無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)和(he)(he)富含微(wei)量元(yuan)素走俏日本(ben)、北京(jing)、廣州等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，年(nian)銷售量達500噸(dun)，實(shi)現產(chan)(chan)值4000余(yu)(yu)萬元(yuan)，僅此(ci)一項可為(wei)(wei)(wei)農民年(nian)人均增收(shou)(shou)(shou)170元(yuan)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)促農增收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)新(xin)亮點(dian)，先后獲(huo)得曼谷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)優質(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)品及科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成(cheng)果設(she)備(bei)展覽(lan)會銀獎(jiang)、陜西(xi)省(sheng)第(di)三屆(jie)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)果交(jiao)易洽談(tan)會金獎(jiang)、首屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)楊陵農科(ke)城(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)果博覽(lan)會金像獎(jiang)。