【手機充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)】手機充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)路圖講解 手機充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)流多少合(he)適
手機充電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)路圖(tu)
手機充電器電路圖講解
分析一個電源，往往從輸入開始著手。220V交流輸入(ru)，一端經(jing)過一個4007半(ban)波整流，另一端經(jing)過一個(ge)10歐的(de)電阻后，由10uF電(dian)容濾波。這(zhe)個10歐的(de)(de)電阻(zu)用來(lai)做(zuo)保護的(de)(de)，如果后(hou)面出(chu)現故障等導致(zhi)過(guo)流，那(nei)么這個電阻(zu)將(jiang)被(bei)燒斷(duan)，從而避免引起更大的(de)(de)故障。右邊的(de)(de)4007、4700pF電(dian)容、82KΩ電(dian)阻，構(gou)成一個高壓吸收電(dian)路，當開關(guan)管13003關斷時(shi)，負責吸(xi)收(shou)線圈(quan)上的感(gan)應電(dian)壓，從而防止高壓加到開關管13003上(shang)而導(dao)致(zhi)擊穿。13003為開關管（完整(zheng)的(de)名應該是MJE13003），耐壓400V，集電極最大電流(liu)1.5A，最大集電極功(gong)耗為14W，用來控制(zhi)原(yuan)邊繞組與電源之(zhi)間的(de)(de)通(tong)、斷。當原(yuan)邊繞組不停的(de)(de)通(tong)斷時，就會(hui)在開關變壓(ya)器中(zhong)形成變化的(de)(de)磁場，從(cong)而在次級繞組中(zhong)產生感應電壓(ya)。由于圖中(zhong)沒(mei)有標(biao)明繞組的(de)(de)同名端，所以不能看出是正激(ji)式還是反激(ji)式。
不過，從這個電路的結構來看，可以推測出來，這個電源應該是反激式的。左端的510KΩ為(wei)啟動電阻，給開關管提(ti)供啟動用(yong)的基(ji)極電流。13003下方的10Ω電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻為電(dian)(dian)(dian)流取(qu)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流經取(qu)樣后變成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（其值為10*I），這(zhe)電壓經二極管4148后(hou)，加至三極管C945的(de)基極上。當取(qu)樣電壓大約大于1.4V，即開(kai)關管電(dian)流大(da)于0.14A時，三極管C945導通(tong)，從而(er)將開關管13003的基極電(dian)壓拉低，從而集電(dian)極電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)減小，這(zhe)樣(yang)就限(xian)制了開關的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，防止(zhi)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大而燒毀(hui)（其實這(zhe)是一個恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)結構(gou)，將開關管(guan)的最大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)限(xian)制在140mA左右）。
變壓器左下方的繞組（取樣繞組）的感應電壓經整流二極管4148整流(liu)，22uF電容濾波后形成取樣電壓。為了分(fen)析(xi)方便，我們(men)取三極管C945發射極(ji)一端為地。那么這取樣電壓就是負的（-4V左右），并且輸出電壓越(yue)高時，采樣電壓越(yue)負。取(qu)樣電壓經過6.2V穩壓二極管后，加至開關管13003的基極(ji)。前面說了，當輸(shu)出電壓越高時，那(nei)么取樣電壓就越負，當負到(dao)一(yi)定程度后，6.2V穩(wen)壓二極(ji)管(guan)被擊穿(chuan)，從(cong)而將開關13003的基極(ji)電位拉(la)低，這將導(dao)(dao)致開關管斷(duan)開或者推遲開關的導(dao)(dao)通，從(cong)而控制(zhi)了(le)能量輸入到變壓器(qi)中(zhong)，也就控制(zhi)了(le)輸出(chu)電壓的升高，實現(xian)了(le)穩壓輸出(chu)的功能。
而下方的1KΩ電阻跟(gen)串聯(lian)的(de)2700pF電(dian)(dian)容(rong)，則是正反饋(kui)支(zhi)路，從取(qu)樣(yang)繞組中取(qu)出(chu)感應電(dian)(dian)壓，加到開關管的基(ji)極(ji)上，以(yi)維持振蕩。右邊的次(ci)級繞組就沒有太多好說的了(le)，經二極(ji)管RF93整流，220uF電容(rong)濾波后(hou)輸出6V的電(dian)壓。沒找到二極管RF93的(de)(de)資(zi)料，估(gu)計是一個快速回復管，例如肖特基(ji)二極(ji)管等，因為開關電(dian)源的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)頻率較高，所以(yi)需要工(gong)作(zuo)頻率的(de)(de)二極(ji)管。這里可以(yi)用(yong)常見的(de)(de)1N5816、1N5817等(deng)肖特基(ji)二極管代替。
同樣因(yin)(yin)為(wei)頻(pin)率高的原因(yin)(yin)，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)也必須使用高頻(pin)開關變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)，鐵心一般(ban)為(wei)高頻(pin)鐵氧體(ti)磁芯，具有高的電阻(zu)率，以(yi)減小渦流(liu)。
手機充電器輸出電流多少合適
手機電(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)(liang)基(ji)本(ben)是定型的(de)，電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)時間(jian)(jian)跟充電(dian)電(dian)流大小息(xi)息(xi)相關，在同等充電(dian)電(dian)流下，電(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)(liang)越(yue)大所需的(de)充電(dian)時間(jian)(jian)越(yue)長，同理，充電(dian)電(dian)流越(yue)大，所需的(de)充電(dian)時間(jian)(jian)越(yue)短。
如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器所(suo)能(neng)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小(xiao)于原裝充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器標(biao)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)勢必要延長(chang)(chang)，如(ru)1830毫安的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，原裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)1.2安的(de)(de)(de)(de)，那么就需要4小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)左右才能(neng)將一(yi)塊完全沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，而(er)(er)再小(xiao)一(yi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)會(hui)更長(chang)(chang)，如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)還(huan)會(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大家(jia)可能(neng)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)注意到在原裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)6電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)后(hou)面還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)個(ge)7.0wh，1830毫mah/7.0wh，后(hou)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)7.0wh指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)，mah（毫安時(shi)(shi)(shi)）和wh（瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)）是(shi)比較常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)2種表示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，用(yong)mah乘以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就等于wh，以小(xiao)6的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為例(li)就是(shi)1.83*3.7=12.81瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)（指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)每(mei)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)）這是(shi)官標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論值，對(dui)實(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)任何意義(yi)，因(yin)(yin)為各(ge)人(ren)玩(wan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)和優化不(bu)(bu)同(tong)會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，所(suo)以有(you)(you)(you)些人(ren)在開屏或(huo)玩(wan)機(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，因(yin)(yin)為使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器（低于手機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)消耗瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)）充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)(er)且，如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)因(yin)(yin)為長(chang)(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)到額定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)而(er)(er)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造成(cheng)損害（當然這個(ge)長(chang)(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可能(neng)會(hui)很長(chang)(chang)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)搜到相(xiang)關評測(ce)資料(liao)），并(bing)有(you)(you)(you)可能(neng)會(hui)燒壞(huai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。
那為什么大電流充電不會燒機器，這是因為充電電流是由電池和它本身所帶的充電保護電路IC決定的，和充電器無關，如果你所使用的充電器電流是5A的，因為機器充電保護電路已經把充電電流限制在一個安全的范圍，所以不會對電池損傷，有些手機上還帶了(le)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，在接(jie)入過高電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，會自動切斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，但(dan)是那不(bu)是絕對的(de)，雖(sui)然有IC保(bao)護但(dan)是過大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也有可(ke)能會讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池鼓漲或爆炸，為了(le)保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命(ming)和自己的(de)安全，不(bu)建(jian)議用超過3A的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，更不(bu)建(jian)議用過小（500mah）的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對手機進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
