【手機(ji)(ji)充(chong)電器】手機(ji)(ji)充(chong)電器電路圖講解 手機(ji)(ji)充(chong)電器輸出電流(liu)多少合適
手(shou)機充電(dian)器電(dian)路圖
手機充電器電路圖講解
分析一個電源，往往從輸入開始著手。220V交流(liu)輸入(ru)，一端(duan)經(jing)過一個4007半波整流，另一端經過(guo)一個10歐的電阻后(hou)，由(you)10uF電容(rong)濾波。這個10歐(ou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻用來做保護的(de)(de)，如果后(hou)面出現(xian)故障等導致過流，那(nei)么(me)這個電(dian)(dian)阻將被(bei)燒斷，從而避免引起更大的(de)(de)故障。右邊的(de)(de)4007、4700pF電容、82KΩ電阻，構(gou)成一(yi)個高壓吸收電路，當開關管(guan)13003關(guan)斷(duan)時(shi)，負(fu)責吸收線圈上(shang)的感應電壓，從而防止高壓加到開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)13003上而導致(zhi)擊穿(chuan)。13003為開關管（完整的名應該是(shi)MJE13003），耐壓(ya)400V，集電極最大電流1.5A，最大集電(dian)極(ji)功(gong)耗為14W，用來控制原(yuan)邊繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)與電(dian)源之間的(de)通、斷。當原(yuan)邊繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)不停的(de)通斷時，就會在開關變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)中形(xing)成變(bian)化的(de)磁場，從(cong)而在次級繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中產(chan)生(sheng)感(gan)應電(dian)壓(ya)。由(you)于(yu)圖中沒有標明繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)同名端(duan)，所以不能看出是(shi)正(zheng)激式(shi)還是(shi)反激式(shi)。
不過，從這個電路的結構來看，可以推測出來，這個電源應該是反激式的。左端的510KΩ為(wei)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)電阻，給(gei)開關(guan)管提(ti)供(gong)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)用(yong)的基極電流。13003下方(fang)的10Ω電(dian)(dian)阻為電(dian)(dian)流取(qu)樣電(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)流經取(qu)樣后(hou)變成電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（其值(zhi)為10*I），這(zhe)電(dian)壓經(jing)二極管4148后，加至三(san)極管C945的基極上(shang)。當(dang)取樣(yang)電壓(ya)大(da)約大(da)于1.4V，即開關管電流大于0.14A時(shi)，三極(ji)管C945導通，從而將開關管13003的(de)(de)基極(ji)電壓拉(la)低，從(cong)而集(ji)電極(ji)電流(liu)減(jian)小，這樣就(jiu)限制了開關的(de)(de)電流(liu)，防止電流(liu)過大而燒毀（其(qi)實這是一個恒(heng)流(liu)結(jie)構(gou)，將開關管的(de)(de)最大電流(liu)限制在140mA左(zuo)右）。
變壓器左下方的繞組（取樣繞組）的感應電壓經整流二極管4148整流，22uF電容濾波后形成取(qu)樣電壓。為了分析方便，我們取(qu)三極(ji)管C945發射(she)極一端(duan)為(wei)地。那么(me)這取(qu)樣(yang)電壓就(jiu)是負的（-4V左右），并且輸出電(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高時，采樣(yang)電(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)負(fu)。取樣(yang)電(dian)壓(ya)經過6.2V穩壓二(er)極管后，加至(zhi)開(kai)關管13003的(de)基極。前面說了，當(dang)輸(shu)出電壓越高時，那(nei)么取樣電壓就越負，當(dang)負到(dao)一定程度后，6.2V穩壓(ya)二極管被(bei)擊穿，從(cong)而將開(kai)關13003的(de)基極(ji)電位拉(la)低，這將導(dao)(dao)致開(kai)關(guan)管斷開(kai)或(huo)者(zhe)推遲開(kai)關(guan)的(de)導(dao)(dao)通，從而(er)控制(zhi)了(le)(le)能量輸(shu)入到變(bian)壓(ya)器中，也就(jiu)控制(zhi)了(le)(le)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)的(de)升高，實現了(le)(le)穩壓(ya)輸(shu)出的(de)功能。
而下方的1KΩ電(dian)阻跟串(chuan)聯的2700pF電(dian)容，則是正反饋支路，從取樣繞組(zu)中取出感應電(dian)壓，加(jia)到開關(guan)管的(de)基極(ji)上(shang)，以維持振(zhen)蕩。右邊的(de)次級繞組(zu)就沒有太多好(hao)說(shuo)的(de)了，經二極(ji)管RF93整(zheng)流(liu)，220uF電容濾波后輸出(chu)6V的(de)電壓。沒找到二極管(guan)RF93的資料(liao)，估計是(shi)一個快(kuai)速回復管(guan)，例如肖特基二極管(guan)等，因為開(kai)關(guan)電源(yuan)的工作頻率較高(gao)，所(suo)以(yi)需要工作頻率的二極管(guan)。這(zhe)里可以(yi)用常見(jian)的1N5816、1N5817等(deng)肖特基二極管代替。
同樣(yang)因為頻率高的原因，變壓(ya)器也必須使用高頻開關(guan)變壓(ya)器，鐵心一般為高頻鐵氧體磁芯，具有高的電阻率，以減小渦流。
手機充電器輸出電流多少合適
手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量基本是定型的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)跟充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大小(xiao)息息相關，在同等充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量越大所需的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)越長，同理(li)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大，所需的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)越短。
如果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)能提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小于原裝(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)勢必(bi)要延(yan)長，如1830毫安(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)，原裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1.2安(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)，那么(me)就需要4小時(shi)(shi)左右才能將一塊完全沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，而(er)(er)再(zai)小一點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)使用的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)會(hui)更長，如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過小還(huan)會(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大家可能沒有(you)注意(yi)到(dao)在原裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)小6電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)(shang)容量(liang)(liang)后面還(huan)有(you)個(ge)7.0wh，1830毫mah/7.0wh，后面的(de)(de)(de)7.0wh指的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，mah（毫安(an)(an)時(shi)(shi)）和(he)wh（瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比較常見的(de)(de)(de)2種表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，用mah乘以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就等于wh，以(yi)小6的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1.83*3.7=12.81瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)（指的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每小時(shi)(shi)消耗的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)）這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官標的(de)(de)(de)理論值，對(dui)實際使用沒有(you)任何意(yi)義，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)各人玩(wan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)同和(he)優(you)化不(bu)同會(hui)有(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)，所(suo)以(yi)有(you)些人在開屏或玩(wan)機(ji)時(shi)(shi)，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)使用的(de)(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（低于手機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)消耗瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)）充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)(er)且，如果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)到(dao)額定容量(liang)(liang)而(er)(er)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)造成(cheng)損害（當然這個(ge)長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)可能會(hui)很(hen)長，沒有(you)有(you)搜到(dao)相關評測資料），并有(you)可能會(hui)燒壞充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
那為什么大電流充電不會燒機器，這是因為充電電流是由電池和它本身所帶的充電保護電路IC決定的，和充電器無關，如果你所使用的充電器電流是5A的，因為機器充電保護電路已經把充電電流限制在一個安全的范圍，所以不會對電池損傷，有些手機上(shang)還帶(dai)了保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，在接入過高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，會自動切(qie)斷充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，但是那不是絕對(dui)的(de)(de)，雖然有IC保(bao)護但是過大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，也有可能(neng)會讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)鼓漲(zhang)或爆炸，為(wei)了保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)和自己的(de)(de)安全(quan)，不建議(yi)用(yong)超過3A的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，更不建議(yi)用(yong)過小（500mah）的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對(dui)手機進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
