一、電子簽名是什么意思

電子簽名是(shi)指數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)文中(zhong)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)形(xing)式所(suo)含、所(suo)附用(yong)于(yu)識(shi)別(bie)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)人身份并(bing)表明簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)人認可其中(zhong)內容的數據(ju)。通(tong)俗點說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)就是(shi)通(tong)過密(mi)碼技術對電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文檔的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)形(xing)式的簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)，并(bing)非是(shi)書面(mian)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)的數字圖像(xiang)化，它類似于(yu)手寫(xie)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)或印(yin)章(zhang)(zhang)，也可以說它就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)印(yin)章(zhang)(zhang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)的用(yong)途(tu)：在電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)版的中(zhong)秋(qiu)賀卡，結婚請帖，建(jian)筑合同(tong)上簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)是現代認證技術的(de)(de)泛(fan)稱(cheng)，美國《統一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易法(fa)》規定，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)”泛(fan)指“與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄(lu)相(xiang)聯的(de)(de)或(huo)在(zai)(zai)邏(luo)輯上(shang)(shang)相(xiang)聯的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聲音、符號或(huo)程(cheng)序(xu)，而該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聲音、符號或(huo)程(cheng)序(xu)是某人(ren)為(wei)簽(qian)(qian)署電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄(lu)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)而簽(qian)(qian)訂或(huo)采用的(de)(de)”；聯合國《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)商務示(shi)范法(fa)》中規定，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)是包(bao)含(han)、附(fu)加在(zai)(zai)某一(yi)數據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文內，或(huo)邏(luo)輯上(shang)(shang)與(yu)(yu)某一(yi)數據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文相(xiang)聯系的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)式的(de)(de)數據，它能(neng)被(bei)用來證實與(yu)(yu)此數據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文有關(guan)的(de)(de)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)人(ren)的(de)(de)身份，并表明該(gai)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)人(ren)認可該(gai)數據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文所載信息；歐盟的(de)(de)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)指令(ling)》規定，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)”泛(fan)指“與(yu)(yu)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄(lu)相(xiang)連的(de)(de)或(huo)在(zai)(zai)邏(luo)輯上(shang)(shang)相(xiang)連并以此作為(wei)認證方法(fa)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)式數據。”

從上述定(ding)義來看，凡是能(neng)在電(dian)子通(tong)訊中(zhong)，起到證(zheng)明當事人的(de)身份、證(zheng)明當事人對(dui)文件內(nei)容的(de)認可(ke)的(de)電(dian)子技(ji)術手(shou)段(duan)(duan)，都可(ke)被稱為電(dian)子簽名，電(dian)子簽名即(ji)現(xian)代(dai)認證(zheng)技(ji)術的(de)一般性概念，它是電(dian)子商務(wu)安全的(de)重要保障手(shou)段(duan)(duan)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電子簽名和手寫簽名的區別

1、含義不同

手寫簽名在(zai)日常生活中隨處可見(jian)，簡單(dan)來說(shuo)就是親筆書寫自己的(de)(de)名字(zi)(zi)，在(zai)紙質文(wen)檔上使用(yong)手寫簽名主要(yao)用(yong)以確定簽字(zi)(zi)者的(de)(de)身(shen)份，并表示簽字(zi)(zi)者同意所(suo)簽署文(wen)檔中規定的(de)(de)內(nei)容，對文(wen)檔的(de)(de)真實性負責，且具有(you)法律(lv)效力。

而電子簽名(ming)通俗來講，就是(shi)通過(guo)(guo)密碼(ma)技術在電子文檔(dang)上加(jia)載的(de)電子形式(shi)的(de)簽名(ming)，可(ke)(ke)以輕松(song)驗(yan)證(zheng)簽約主體(ti)的(de)身(shen)份信息(xi)和簽名(ming)信息(xi)，以及原文在傳(chuan)輸(shu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中是(shi)否發生過(guo)(guo)改動。值得一提的(de)是(shi)，根(gen)據《電子簽名(ming)法(fa)》規定，可(ke)(ke)靠的(de)電子簽名(ming)與(yu)手寫簽名(ming)或者蓋章(zhang)具有同等的(de)法(fa)律(lv)效力。

2、適用范圍不同

電子簽名文件的(de)適(shi)用(yong)范圍(wei)稍(shao)有局(ju)限(xian)，目前(qian)還不能適(shi)用(yong)于涉(she)及婚姻、收(shou)養(yang)、繼(ji)承等(deng)人身關系(xi)；涉(she)及停止供(gong)水、供(gong)熱、供(gong)氣、供(gong)電等(deng)公用(yong)事(shi)業服務；以及法律、行政法規(gui)規(gui)定的(de)不適(shi)用(yong)電子文書(shu)的(de)其(qi)他情形。而手寫簽名文件適(shi)用(yong)范圍(wei)不限(xian)。

3、簽署方式不同

在電子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)上簽(qian)署電子簽(qian)名，就(jiu)是(shi)用私鑰對電子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)及與其一起存儲的電子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)消息(xi)摘要(yao)數據進行加密，包括(kuo)自動簽(qian)署、點擊(ji)簽(qian)署、短信(xin)簽(qian)署、視(shi)頻簽(qian)署等多種(zhong)方式。而手寫簽(qian)名在各種(zhong)紙質文(wen)(wen)件(jian)上書(shu)寫的簽(qian)名具有(you)明(ming)顯的個性(xing)特(te)征(zheng)。

4、簽署樣式不同

電(dian)子簽名一般常用的(de)是圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)/圖(tu)(tu)像(xiang)式，即有(you)個(ge)體特征(zheng)的(de)手(shou)寫(xie)(xie)簽名文字構成的(de)圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)或印章圖(tu)(tu)像(xiang)（但電(dian)子簽名的(de)效力并非基(ji)于圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)或圖(tu)(tu)像(xiang)本身，而(er)在于背(bei)后的(de)數字證書）。而(er)手(shou)寫(xie)(xie)簽名就是有(you)個(ge)體特征(zheng)的(de)手(shou)寫(xie)(xie)體文字。

5、驗證方式不同

電子簽名驗(yan)證人擁(yong)有或可(ke)以直接(jie)訪問電子(zi)簽(qian)名(ming)人的(de)數(shu)字證書（內含公鑰），以驗(yan)證電子(zi)文(wen)件中簽(qian)名(ming)的(de)真偽及(ji)(ji)簽(qian)名(ming)人的(de)身份(fen)。經CA機構頒發的(de)數(shu)字證書，可(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)網上(shang)身份(fen)證明(ming)的(de)依據，具有不可(ke)否認(ren)性(xing)。而(er)(er)手(shou)寫簽(qian)名(ming)是通過目視(shi)比(bi)較、識(shi)別手(shou)寫體(ti)簽(qian)名(ming)的(de)個體(ti)特征(zheng)信息(xi)及(ji)(ji)其筆跡，從而(er)(er)確認(ren)手(shou)寫簽(qian)名(ming)的(de)真偽。為(wei)增強手(shou)寫簽(qian)名(ming)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)及(ji)(ji)不可(ke)否認(ren)性(xing)，需要辦(ban)理公證，產生額(e)外的(de)成本。