自動洗手器與干手器電路

本文(wen)向(xiang)大家(jia)推薦一套實(shi)用的低成(cheng)本自(zi)動洗手器和自(zi)動干(gan)手器電路。

1、自動洗手器

自動洗手(shou)器的電路原理如圖一所(suo)示。

220V 交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)經(jing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)T 降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)，變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低壓(ya)(ya)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，經(jing)整流(liu)(liu)濾波(bo)，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低壓(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)，再經(jing)三(san)端(duan)集成穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)7806穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)，得(de)到6V直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供給控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)工作。H1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紅色(se)發光二(er)極管，作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源指示。N2為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紅外(wai)(wai)接收(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)SFH506-38，N3為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鎖相環音頻譯碼(ma)器(qi)LM567，N3與R3、C6組成振蕩器(qi)，R3、R6決定(ding)N3內(nei)部壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)振蕩器(qi)的中(zhong)心頻率，LM567的3腳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)信(xin)號輸(shu)入端(duan)，8腳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)邏輯(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)，其輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)OC門輸(shu)出(chu)，最大灌(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100mA，LM567的工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4.75V～9V，工作頻率可從零點幾赫(he)茲到500千赫(he)，靜態工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)8mA。N4為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)NE555定(ding)時(shi)器(qi)，它與外(wai)(wai)圍元件組成單穩(wen)態定(ding)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，其目的是在人手偶爾偏離了紅外(wai)(wai)線的探測范(fan)圍時(shi)，能保證(zheng)洗手器(qi)的正(zheng)常出(chu)水。

LM567芯(xin)片(pian)5腳輸出(chu)的(de)振蕩信號經(jing)三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)功率(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)大后，推動紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)發(fa)(fa)射(she)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)VD向外(wai)(wai)(wai)發(fa)(fa)射(she)紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)。沒有人洗(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)時(shi)，紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)接(jie)收電(dian)路N2接(jie)收不到(dao)(dao)VD向外(wai)(wai)(wai)發(fa)(fa)射(she)的(de)紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)，N3的(de)3腳無信號輸入(ru)，8腳為高(gao)電(dian)平(ping)，N4 的(de)3 腳為低(di)電(dian)平(ping)，三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)截止，繼電(dian)器(qi)K 斷(duan)電(dian)處于釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)狀態，電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)Y 不動作，洗(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)器(qi)無自來(lai)水放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu)。當人手(shou)(shou)放(fang)(fang)(fang)到(dao)(dao)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)器(qi)下時(shi)，N2 接(jie)收到(dao)(dao)人手(shou)(shou)反射(she)的(de)紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)并(bing)經(jing)N2 放(fang)(fang)(fang)大后，輸入(ru)到(dao)(dao)N3的(de)3腳，由N3內部處理后使N3的(de)8腳輸出(chu)低(di)電(dian)平(ping)，從而使N4的(de)低(di)觸發(fa)(fa)端(duan)2腳變為低(di)電(dian)位，導致(zhi)N4 的(de)3 腳輸出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)平(ping)，三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)導通，繼電(dian)器(qi)J1 吸合(he)，使其(qi)常開(kai)觸點(dian)閉合(he)，接(jie)通電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)Y 的(de)220V 交流(liu)電(dian)源，Y 開(kai)始動作，使洗(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)器(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu)自來(lai)水，供(gong)人們洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌之用，同時(shi)發(fa)(fa)光二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)LED2 發(fa)(fa)出(chu)綠光，指示洗(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)器(qi)正工作于放(fang)(fang)(fang)水狀態。洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌完畢，人手(shou)(shou)離開(kai)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)器(qi)后，N4 延時(shi)幾秒(miao)鐘后復位，使洗(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)器(qi)停止放(fang)(fang)(fang)水。

圖(tu)1中，變壓(ya)器T采用(yong)220V/9V小型(xing)交(jiao)流變壓(ya)器，VD為PH303紅外發射二極(ji)管，VT1為8050三(san)極(ji)管，VT2為9013三(san)極(ji)管，J1采用(yong)JRX-13F、6V小型(xing)直流繼電(dian)器，Y采用(yong)市售的220V交(jiao)流電(dian)磁閥，其(qi)余(yu)元件型(xing)號與數據見圖(tu)1 中所標參數。

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2、自動干手器

自動干手器電路圖如(ru)圖二所(suo)示，電路由(you)紅(hong)外發射部(bu)分與紅(hong)外接收控制部(bu)分組成。

紅外發射(she)(she)部分由555時基電路(lu)產生頻(pin)率為(wei)5kHz，占(zhan)空比為(wei)50％的(de)方波信號，驅動紅外發射(she)(she)管發射(she)(she)紅外線。

在手置于(yu)干手器(qi)(qi)下部時(shi)，由(you)于(yu)手對(dui)紅外線的(de)(de)反(fan)射作(zuo)用，接(jie)收電(dian)路中的(de)(de)PH302將接(jie)收到的(de)(de)紅外線變(bian)成(cheng)電(dian)信號，經IC1、IC2、IC3 組成(cheng)的(de)(de)選(xuan)頻(pin)放大器(qi)(qi)，其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)信號經放大、整形、濾波變(bian)成(cheng)直流信號進人比較器(qi)(qi)IC4。比較器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)門限(xian)電(dian)壓為7V，設置較高(gao)，其(qi)目的(de)(de)是提高(gao)電(dian)路的(de)(de)抗(kang)干擾能(neng)力(li)。當IC4 的(de)(de)輸(shu)人電(dian)平超過7V 時(shi)，其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)變(bian)為低(di)電(dian)平，觸發IC5 定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)(qi)開始定(ding)(ding)時(shi)，同時(shi)該定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)3 腳(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)為高(gao)電(dian)平，使3DG130 導通，繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)觸點吸合(he)，接(jie)通電(dian)阻絲和(he)風機。在定(ding)(ding)時(shi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2 腳(jiao)(jiao)設置了手動開關(guan)S1，可進行手動操作(zuo)，還可通過S2 選(xuan)擇冷風或(huo)熱風。

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