自動洗手器與干手器電路

本(ben)文向大家推(tui)薦一(yi)套實用的低成本(ben)自(zi)動洗手(shou)器(qi)和(he)自(zi)動干手(shou)器(qi)電路。

1、自動洗手器

自動洗手器(qi)的(de)電(dian)路(lu)原理如圖一所示(shi)。

220V 交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路經變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)T 降壓(ya)，變(bian)為(wei)低(di)壓(ya)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，經整流(liu)濾波，成為(wei)低(di)壓(ya)直流(liu)，再經三端集成穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路7806穩(wen)壓(ya)，得到6V直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供給控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。H1為(wei)紅色發光二極(ji)管，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源指(zhi)示。N2為(wei)紅外接收電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路SFH506-38，N3為(wei)鎖相環(huan)音頻(pin)譯碼器(qi)(qi)(qi)LM567，N3與R3、C6組(zu)成振(zhen)蕩器(qi)(qi)(qi)，R3、R6決定N3內部(bu)壓(ya)控(kong)振(zhen)蕩器(qi)(qi)(qi)的中心頻(pin)率，LM567的3腳(jiao)為(wei)信號(hao)輸入端，8腳(jiao)為(wei)邏(luo)輯輸出端，其(qi)輸出端為(wei)OC門輸出，最大灌(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)100mA，LM567的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)4.75V～9V，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)頻(pin)率可(ke)從零點幾赫茲到500千赫，靜態工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)8mA。N4為(wei)NE555定時(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它與外圍元件(jian)組(zu)成單穩(wen)態定時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，其(qi)目的是在人手偶(ou)爾(er)偏離(li)了紅外線(xian)的探測范圍時(shi)，能保證洗手器(qi)(qi)(qi)的正常出水。

LM567芯片5腳(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)振蕩信(xin)號(hao)經三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)功率放(fang)(fang)大(da)后(hou)，推動(dong)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)發(fa)射二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)VD向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)發(fa)射紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)。沒有(you)人(ren)(ren)洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)接收(shou)電(dian)(dian)路N2接收(shou)不到VD向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)發(fa)射的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)，N3的(de)(de)(de)3腳(jiao)(jiao)無(wu)信(xin)號(hao)輸(shu)入，8腳(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平，N4 的(de)(de)(de)3 腳(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)平，三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)截止，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)K 斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)處(chu)(chu)于釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥Y 不動(dong)作(zuo)，洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)器(qi)(qi)無(wu)自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)放(fang)(fang)出(chu)。當(dang)人(ren)(ren)手(shou)放(fang)(fang)到洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)器(qi)(qi)下時(shi)(shi)(shi)，N2 接收(shou)到人(ren)(ren)手(shou)反(fan)射的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)并經N2 放(fang)(fang)大(da)后(hou)，輸(shu)入到N3的(de)(de)(de)3腳(jiao)(jiao)，由N3內(nei)部處(chu)(chu)理后(hou)使(shi)(shi)N3的(de)(de)(de)8腳(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)出(chu)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)平，從(cong)而使(shi)(shi)N4的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)觸發(fa)端(duan)2腳(jiao)(jiao)變為(wei)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)，導(dao)致N4 的(de)(de)(de)3 腳(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)出(chu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平，三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)導(dao)通，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)J1 吸合(he)，使(shi)(shi)其常開(kai)(kai)觸點(dian)閉(bi)合(he)，接通電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥Y 的(de)(de)(de)220V 交流電(dian)(dian)源，Y 開(kai)(kai)始動(dong)作(zuo)，使(shi)(shi)洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)器(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)出(chu)自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)，供人(ren)(ren)們洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)之用，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)光二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)LED2 發(fa)出(chu)綠光，指示洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)器(qi)(qi)正工作(zuo)于放(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)完(wan)畢，人(ren)(ren)手(shou)離開(kai)(kai)洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)器(qi)(qi)后(hou)，N4 延時(shi)(shi)(shi)幾秒鐘后(hou)復(fu)位(wei)(wei)，使(shi)(shi)洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)器(qi)(qi)停止放(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。

圖(tu)1中，變(bian)壓器T采(cai)(cai)用220V/9V小(xiao)型交流變(bian)壓器，VD為(wei)(wei)PH303紅外發射二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)，VT1為(wei)(wei)8050三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)，VT2為(wei)(wei)9013三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)，J1采(cai)(cai)用JRX-13F、6V小(xiao)型直流繼電器，Y采(cai)(cai)用市售的220V交流電磁閥，其余元(yuan)件(jian)型號(hao)與數據見圖(tu)1 中所標參數。

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2、自動干手器

自(zi)動干手器電路圖(tu)如圖(tu)二所示，電路由紅(hong)外(wai)發射部(bu)(bu)分與紅(hong)外(wai)接收控制部(bu)(bu)分組成(cheng)。

紅外(wai)發(fa)射(she)部分由555時基(ji)電路(lu)產生頻率(lv)為(wei)5kHz，占空比為(wei)50％的方波信號，驅動紅外(wai)發(fa)射(she)管發(fa)射(she)紅外(wai)線。

在手(shou)置于干(gan)手(shou)器(qi)(qi)下部時，由(you)于手(shou)對紅外線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)反射作(zuo)用，接(jie)收(shou)電(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)(de)PH302將接(jie)收(shou)到的(de)(de)紅外線(xian)(xian)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)電(dian)信(xin)號，經(jing)IC1、IC2、IC3 組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)選頻放大器(qi)(qi)，其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)信(xin)號經(jing)放大、整形、濾波變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)直流(liu)信(xin)號進人(ren)比較器(qi)(qi)IC4。比較器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)門限電(dian)壓為7V，設(she)(she)置較高，其(qi)目(mu)的(de)(de)是提(ti)高電(dian)路的(de)(de)抗干(gan)擾能(neng)力。當IC4 的(de)(de)輸(shu)人(ren)電(dian)平(ping)超過7V 時，其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)變(bian)(bian)為低電(dian)平(ping)，觸(chu)發IC5 定(ding)時器(qi)(qi)開始(shi)定(ding)時，同(tong)時該定(ding)時器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)3 腳變(bian)(bian)為高電(dian)平(ping)，使3DG130 導通(tong)，繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)觸(chu)點吸合，接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)阻絲和風(feng)(feng)機。在定(ding)時器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2 腳設(she)(she)置了手(shou)動(dong)開關(guan)S1，可進行手(shou)動(dong)操作(zuo)，還(huan)可通(tong)過S2 選擇冷風(feng)(feng)或熱風(feng)(feng)。

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