桐琴蜜梨以翠冠、翠玉(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)種為主(zhu),所產(chan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)充分體現了翠冠、翠玉(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)種固有的早(zao)熟(shu)、優質的品(pin)(pin)質特征。翠冠果(guo)(guo)(guo)實近圓形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮呈(cheng)青褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),套(tao)袋(dai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)黃(huang)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)或青綠色(se)(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點較小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白色(se)(se)(se)(se),松(song)脆(cui)細嫩,汁多味(wei)(wei)甜,風味(wei)(wei)佳(jia);果(guo)(guo)(guo)心小。翠玉(yu)(yu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)形端正,以扁圓為主(zhu);果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮薄有光澤,呈(cheng)黃(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)或淺綠色(se)(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白色(se)(se)(se)(se),肉(rou)質細嫩,松(song)脆(cui)多汁,味(wei)(wei)甜爽(shuang)口(kou);果(guo)(guo)(guo)心小。
地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌:武(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)位(wei)于浙江省(sheng)中部,三面環山(shan),峰(feng)巒連綿(mian),境(jing)內森林(lin)茂(mao)密,植被多(duo)樣(yang),森林(lin)覆蓋率高達74%以上(shang),自然生態環境(jing)優越。境(jing)內地(di)(di)貌類型多(duo)樣(yang),形(xing)成(cheng)武(wu)(wu)義(yi)和(he)(he)(he)宣(xuan)平(ping)(ping)兩個河(he)谷盆(pen)地(di)(di),分(fen)屬(shu)錢塘江和(he)(he)(he)甌江二大水(shui)系。南(nan)部宣(xuan)平(ping)(ping)盆(pen)地(di)(di),四(si)面環山(shan)。北(bei)部為(wei)武(wu)(wu)義(yi)盆(pen)地(di)(di),地(di)(di)勢低平(ping)(ping),低丘崗地(di)(di)、平(ping)(ping)原平(ping)(ping)畈面積為(wei)32600公(gong)頃,平(ping)(ping)畈平(ping)(ping)原分(fen)布在武(wu)(wu)義(yi)江及1-2級支流兩側,為(wei)近代河(he)流沖擊(ji)而成(cheng),水(shui)利條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)較好,土(tu)層(ceng)深厚,土(tu)壤肥(fei)沃。豐(feng)富的(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)良好的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形(xing)土(tu)壤條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian),適宜于桐琴(qin)蜜梨的(de)(de)生長發(fa)育和(he)(he)(he)大規模發(fa)展,利于形(xing)成(cheng)桐琴(qin)蜜梨獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)(de)品質(zhi)。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特(te)點:武(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)屬(shu)中亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),四(si)季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明(ming),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)濕潤,雨量充(chong)(chong)沛。1986-2005年(nian)的(de)(de)20年(nian)間,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)17.3℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨量1534.48毫(hao)米,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照時(shi)數1859小時(shi),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對濕度(du)80%,無霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)253天,能充(chong)(chong)分(fen)滿足砂梨對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)、光(guang)照和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)分(fen)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)。桐琴(qin)蜜梨保護區(qu)位(wei)于武(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)中北(bei)部,屬(shu)浙江省(sheng)蜜梨主產區(qu)最(zui)南(nan)部,1月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)5.0℃,符合(he)砂梨對低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)需求(qiu),春季(ji)(ji)回暖早(zao),3底到4初溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)15℃-20℃左右,最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一般在5℃以上(shang),適合(he)梨樹開花結實(shi),春夏果(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大期(qi)(qi)雨量充(chong)(chong)沛,成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)晴熱干燥,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差大,利于果(guo)實(shi)糖分(fen)積累和(he)(he)(he)外觀品質(zhi)的(de)(de)提高,上(shang)市期(qi)(qi)比浙北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)早(zao)7-15天。成(cheng)就了桐琴(qin)蜜梨比浙北(bei)主產地(di)(di)區(qu)相對更為(wei)早(zao)熟(shu)、優質(zhi)的(de)(de)品質(zhi)特(te)性,發(fa)展梨產業的(de)(de)自然氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)得天獨(du)(du)厚。
桐(tong)琴蜜梨(li)的保(bao)護地域范圍位于浙江省(sheng)金(jin)華市武義縣(xian)所轄桐(tong)琴鎮(zhen)(zhen)、泉溪(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、壺山(shan)街道(dao)(dao)(dao)、白洋街道(dao)(dao)(dao)、熟溪(xi)街道(dao)(dao)(dao)、溫泉旅游度假區、王宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、茭道(dao)(dao)(dao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、履坦鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)田鄉、俞源鄉、白姆(mu)鄉,共(gong)13個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)街道(dao)(dao)(dao)166個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)村(社區)。地理坐標為:東經(jing)119°37′00〞-119°58′00〞,北緯28°42′20〞-29°03′00〞。現有梨(li)園面積800公頃,年產量2萬噸,保(bao)護區面積10200公頃。
桐琴蜜梨以翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉(yu)品(pin)種為(wei)主,所產果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)充分體(ti)現了翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉(yu)品(pin)種固(gu)有(you)(you)的早熟、優質(zhi)(zhi)的品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特征。翠(cui)冠果(guo)(guo)(guo)實近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮呈青(qing)褐色(se),套袋(dai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)黃褐色(se)或青(qing)綠色(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點(dian)較小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白色(se),松(song)脆(cui)細嫩(nen),汁多(duo)(duo)味(wei)甜,風味(wei)佳;果(guo)(guo)(guo)心小。翠(cui)玉(yu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端正(zheng),以扁圓(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主;果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮薄(bo)有(you)(you)光澤(ze),呈黃綠色(se)或淺綠色(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點(dian)小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白色(se),肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)細嫩(nen),松(song)脆(cui)多(duo)(duo)汁,味(wei)甜爽口;果(guo)(guo)(guo)心小。內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)(biao):可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)物≥10.5%,可(ke)滴(di)定(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2%,硬度≥4.0kg/cm2。安全要求:符合食品(pin)安全國家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)《食品(pin)中農藥(yao)最大(da)殘留(liu)限量》(GB2763)的規定(ding)。
桐琴蜜梨(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)選擇交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)方(fang)便、地(di)勢開(kai)闊(kuo)、避(bi)風(feng)向陽、排(pai)灌(guan)良好(hao)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)深厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)松的(de)低丘緩坡(po)、河谷平(ping)原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.8%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)pH值(zhi)5-8,含鹽(yan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不超過0.2%。建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)規(gui)(gui)劃好(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)、道路、溝(gou)(gou)渠、蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)池、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)配套(tao)(tao)(tao)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)房、分(fen)級包裝場、農(nong)資(zi)工具(ju)機(ji)械貯(zhu)藏(zang)室、冷庫(ku)(ku)(ku)等),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)系統(tong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態循環(huan)系統(tong)。選用(yong)(yong)豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)好(hao),抗病(bing)性(xing)強(qiang)(qiang),品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)良,適(shi)合當(dang)地(di)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點和(he)(he)(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)件的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)、翠(cui)玉為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、清香(xiang)等。苗木要求(qiu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正(zheng)(zheng)、根系發(fa)達(da)、無病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害,一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗粗0.8cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、高80cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。桐琴蜜梨(li)(li)常規(gui)(gui)栽培(pei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)低干(gan)(gan)(gan)密株(zhu)寬(kuan)行(xing)定(ding)(ding)植,株(zhu)行(xing)距為(wei)(wei)(wei)4m×2m,畝(mu)(mu)(mu)栽82株(zhu)。新建梨(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),要求(qiu)株(zhu)行(xing)距擴展至(zhi)4-4.5m×3-3.5m,畝(mu)(mu)(mu)栽45-55株(zhu),主栽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占70-80%,授粉品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占20-30%。定(ding)(ding)干(gan)(gan)(gan)高度(du)(du)(du)0.4m-0.6m。棚架栽培(pei)的(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)4m×6m(或(huo)先2m×4m,后(hou)(hou)(hou)間伐)定(ding)(ding)植,定(ding)(ding)干(gan)(gan)(gan)高度(du)(du)(du)0.8m-1.0m。栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)11月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)-次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),冬季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植發(fa)根早(zao)(zao),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)快。深翻改土(tu)(tu)(tu),施(shi)(shi)(shi)足基(ji)肥:建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植前(qian),挖深、寬(kuan)0.8m-1.0m的(de)栽植穴,穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)30-50kg腐熟有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥、磷肥和(he)(he)(he)(he)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)混勻回填。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋季沿定(ding)(ding)植穴外側或(huo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)線附近,開(kai)挖30-50cm深的(de)條(tiao)(tiao)狀、環(huan)狀或(huo)放射狀溝(gou)(gou),株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)秸稈(gan)(gan)、綠(lv)肥、腐熟有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥30-50kg。地(di)面(mian)(mian)進行(xing)秸稈(gan)(gan)覆蓋,積(ji)累土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang),增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong),提高土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)通(tong)(tong)氣(qi)透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)力(li),改善土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)團粒結構和(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)化性(xing)狀,減輕(qing)(qing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)沖刷,增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)肥抗旱能(neng)力(li),調節地(di)溫和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)微氣(qi)候(hou)環(huan)境(jing),抑制(zhi)雜(za)草生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)追(zhui)肥:幼(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),3-8月(yue)薄肥勤施(shi)(shi)(shi),澆稀(xi)薄人(ren)糞尿(niao)或(huo)0.8%-1.0%尿(niao)素。結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)追(zhui)肥以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萌芽(ya)(ya)(ya)、壯果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。正(zheng)(zheng)常投產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(N)13-16kg,磷(P2O5)10-13kg,鉀(jia)(K2O)13-16kg,另加(jia)(jia)腐熟有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥1000-2000kg。水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)管(guan)理(li):梨(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要求(qiu)三(san)溝(gou)(gou)配套(tao)(tao)(tao),能(neng)排(pai)能(neng)灌(guan)。春、夏(xia)多雨(yu)季節疏(shu)(shu)通(tong)(tong)溝(gou)(gou)渠,防(fang)(fang)止積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。4-7月(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)連(lian)續晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)7-12日即進行(xing)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui),高溫季節灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)傍(bang)晚(wan)進行(xing)。常規(gui)(gui)栽培(pei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)低干(gan)(gan)(gan)矮(ai)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)單層(ceng)(ceng)開(kai)心形為(wei)(wei)(wei)主)整形,主干(gan)(gan)(gan)高0.3m-0.5m,主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-4個(ge),分(fen)布均勻,開(kai)張角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)50°左右(you),在(zai)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)配置側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)單軸(zhou)延伸,同時(shi)(shi)也是大型結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,每個(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3-5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),輪換(huan)更(geng)新。幼(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)輕(qing)(qing)剪(jian),增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)量(liang)(liang)(liang),在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季通(tong)(tong)過拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),開(kai)張骨干(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)。結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)重點是培(pei)養強(qiang)(qiang)健的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢,維(wei)持(chi)良好(hao)的(de)平(ping)衡關(guan)系和(he)(he)(he)(he)主從關(guan)系;上(shang)(shang)(shang)摘帽子(zi)(zi)側開(kai)窗,疏(shu)(shu)縮(suo)直(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亮內(nei)膛,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)改善樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體內(nei)的(de)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光條(tiao)(tiao)件;結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組去弱(ruo)留(liu)壯,去上(shang)(shang)(shang)留(liu)斜,去遠留(liu)近,3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)更(geng)新,5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歸(gui)位,保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)(qing)化,新枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)形成,有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)大果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):冬剪(jian)時(shi)(shi)疏(shu)(shu)去過多的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),間距10-15cm留(liu)1個(ge)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)10-25天(tian)(tian)開(kai)始(shi)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),保(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)縱(zong)向發(fa)育良好(hao),萼端突(tu)出,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄發(fa)達(da),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)光亮,發(fa)育健壯的(de)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。同一(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序保(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)第3-4位果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一(yi)個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺留(liu)1-2個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),畝(mu)(mu)(mu)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)8000-10000個(ge),畝(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)連(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)穩定(ding)(ding)在(zai)2000kg左右(you)。套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai):要根據不同品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要求(qiu),選用(yong)(yong)蠟質(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)厚、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)好(hao)的(de)紙袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)40-60天(tian)(tian)完(wan)成套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)、翠(cui)玉生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)綠(lv)皮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)須(xu)進行(xing)2次(ci)套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)15-20天(tian)(tian)套(tao)(tao)(tao)白色(se)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),30天(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)套(tao)(tao)(tao)外黃內(nei)白雙層(ceng)(ceng)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)前(qian)必須(xu)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)殺菌劑,在(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)開(kai)始(shi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),分(fen)批(pi)噴(pen)藥(yao),分(fen)批(pi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)高接(jie)(jie):翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨著樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡增(zeng)(zeng)大,早(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)落(luo)葉(xie)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)(jia)重,引起后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)返青開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),嚴重影響(xiang)來年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),成為(wei)(wei)(wei)翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)梨(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)桐琴蜜梨(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展中(zhong)最(zui)(zui)重要的(de)制(zhi)約(yue)因素。秋季花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)嫁接(jie)(jie)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)最(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地(di)補救來年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)嫁接(jie)(jie)一(yi)般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)切接(jie)(jie)法,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)10月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)-11月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)較(jiao)好(hao),接(jie)(jie)穗粗度(du)(du)(du)大于1.0cm,每枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)段帶(dai)3-4個(ge)飽滿花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)15-20cm。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)控(kong) 堅持(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)植保(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)針(zhen),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)植物(wu)(wu)檢疫、農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,根據病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)(gui)律(lv),因時(shi)(shi)、因地(di)制(zhi)宜,綜合運(yun)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)減少(shao)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)全(quan)、經濟、有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地(di)控(kong)制(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li),增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢;合理(li)修(xiu)剪(jian),改善通(tong)(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光條(tiao)(tiao)件;徹底清園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),降低蟲(chong)(chong)口密度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)病(bing)原(yuan)基(ji)數;及時(shi)(shi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)梨(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不讓病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)侵(qin)入。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)預測預報,選用(yong)(yong)高效(xiao)低毒(du)、對天(tian)(tian)敵殺傷(shang)力(li)低、對環(huan)境(jing)污染小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)藥(yao)劑,提高噴(pen)藥(yao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),減少(shao)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)次(ci)數。農(nong)藥(yao)使用(yong)(yong)次(ci)數和(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)按(an)GB 4285、GB/T 8321、NY/T 1276規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)執行(xing),禁用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高毒(du)、高殘(can)留(liu)農(nong)藥(yao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)畸、致(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)突(tu)變(bian)農(nong)藥(yao)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)貯(zhu)運(yun)當(dang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)變(bian)色(se)呈現該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)色(se)澤,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉由硬(ying)變(bian)脆,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)易和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺脫離,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)褐色(se),即可采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。一(yi)般分(fen)批(pi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),先采(cai)(cai)(cai)大果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),輕(qing)(qing)采(cai)(cai)(cai)輕(qing)(qing)放,裝果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實的(de)容器必須(xu)墊柔軟緩沖材料,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)避(bi)免日曬雨(yu)淋(lin),及時(shi)(shi)分(fen)級,裝箱。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)應(ying)(ying)(ying)貯(zhu)放在(zai)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)、陰涼的(de)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)房內(nei)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)(tiao)件可采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)冷庫(ku)(ku)(ku)貯(zhu)藏(zang)或(huo)冷鏈運(yun)輸。