芒果视频

基本介紹

前胡(hu)是傘(san)形(xing)(xing)科，前胡(hu)屬(shu)多年生草本植物(wu)，高(gao)可達(da)1米。根頸粗(cu)壯，徑灰褐(he)色(se)，根圓(yuan)(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)，莖圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)，基生葉(xie)具長柄，葉(xie)片(pian)輪廓寬卵形(xing)(xing)或三(san)角(jiao)狀卵形(xing)(xing)，三(san)出式二(er)至三(san)回(hui)分裂，先端漸尖(jian)，基部楔形(xing)(xing)至截形(xing)(xing)，邊緣(yuan)(yuan)圓(yuan)(yuan)鋸齒，兩面無毛(mao)，葉(xie)鞘稍寬，邊緣(yuan)(yuan)膜質，復傘(san)形(xing)(xing)花序多數，頂生或側生，傘(san)形(xing)(xing)花序，總苞片(pian)線形(xing)(xing)；傘(san)輻不等(deng)長，小(xiao)傘(san)形(xing)(xing)花序有花；花瓣卵形(xing)(xing)，白色(se)；花柱(zhu)短，彎曲，圓(yuan)(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)。果實卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，棕色(se)，8-9月開花，10-11月結果。

地域產地

淳安白花(hua)前胡(hu)（Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn）農產品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志地理(li)坐(zuo)標(biao)為：地理(li)坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經118°20′—119°20′、北(bei)緯29°11′—30°02′之(zhi)間。生(sheng)產地域范圍為：浙江省(sheng)淳安縣所屬的千島(dao)湖鎮(zhen)、文昌鎮(zhen)、石林鎮(zhen)、富文鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、左口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、里商(shang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、金峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、臨岐(qi)鎮(zhen)、屏門鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、瑤山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、威坪鎮(zhen)、鳩(jiu)坑(keng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王阜鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、宋(song)村(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、姜家鎮(zhen)、梓桐鎮(zhen)、浪(lang)川鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、界首(shou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、汾口鎮(zhen)、中洲鎮(zhen)、大墅鎮(zhen)、楓樹嶺鎮(zhen)、安陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)23個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)425個行(xing)政村(cun)。現有種植面(mian)積800公(gong)頃，年(nian)產量1500余噸。除了我縣水域面(mian)積和城鎮(zhen)中心(xin)面(mian)積，合計保護區(qu)域27000公(gong)頃。

地(di)形地(di)貌：淳安(an)縣(xian)地(di)處(chu)天目山(shan)余脈(mo)，屬浙西丘陵(ling)山(shan)區，由中低(di)山(shan)、丘陵(ling)、小型盆地(di)、谷地(di)和千島湖組成，俗稱(cheng)“八山(shan)半田分半水”，森林覆蓋率達87.5%。地(di)勢西北高、東南低(di)，西北部(bu)(bu)海(hai)拔(ba)多(duo)在600～1000m，東部(bu)(bu)海(hai)拔(ba)多(duo)在600m左右。北部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)峰千畝田，海(hai)拔(ba)高1436m，南部(bu)(bu)磨(mo)心尖，海(hai)拔(ba)1523m。

氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征：縣境位于(yu)中亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu)北緣，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和濕潤(run)，雨量(liang)充沛，四季(ji)分(fen)明，光(guang)照充足(zu)。年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)17℃，年平均降水量(liang)1430mm，無霜期263天(tian)。受千島(dao)湖影響(xiang)，形成(cheng)庫區(qu)小氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，與同緯度的(de)其他(ta)地(di)(di)區(qu)比，顯得冬暖夏涼。土壤(rang)情況(kuang)：全(quan)縣石灰(hui)巖(yan)土面積近80萬畝，廣泛分(fen)布于(yu)全(quan)縣各地(di)(di)，約占(zhan)全(quan)縣山(shan)地(di)(di)面積的(de)1/7，占(zhan)全(quan)省(sheng)灰(hui)巖(yan)土壤(rang)總面積的(de)29.4%，pH值多為6.8-7.4，礫石含量(liang)較(jiao)高，有(you)機(ji)質含量(liang)2.5%以上(shang)，土壤(rang)肥力較(jiao)好(hao)，尤(you)其是山(shan)麓(lu)山(shan)岙土層較(jiao)深(shen)厚，適宜白花前胡等作物的(de)生長(chang)。

水(shui)文情況：淳安縣境(jing)內(nei)各河流統(tong)屬錢塘江水(shui)系，有新(xin)安江、武強溪(xi)(xi)、富(fu)強溪(xi)(xi)、進賢溪(xi)(xi)、楓林港和云源港等20余(yu)條，均匯集(ji)于千(qian)島湖。保護區(qu)內(nei)地表(biao)水(shui)達(da)國家Ⅰ類水(shui)質標準。

品質特點

白(bai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡外觀與氣滋味(wei)：與呈不(bu)規則的(de)圓柱形(xing)、圓錐形(xing)或紡錘形(xing)，稍扭曲(qu)，頭大(da)，粗壯，頭部(bu)有細密橫(heng)紋，長3-15cm，直徑1-2cm，下(xia)部(bu)常有分(fen)枝；表面黑褐色或灰黃色，有突起(qi)皮(pi)孔，質較(jiao)柔軟，斷面不(bu)整齊(qi)，皮(pi)部(bu)白(bai)色，散(san)有多數棕黃色油點，髓部(bu)奶黃色；氣芳香，味(wei)微苦、辛(xin)。理化指標：白(bai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡甲素≥1.0%，白(bai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡乙(yi)素≥0.24%，含(han)水(shui)量≤12.0%。質量安(an)全(quan)規定：淳(chun)安(an)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)胡質量安(an)全(quan)符合(he)國家有關質量安(an)全(quan)規定。

生產情況

白(bai)花(hua)前(qian)胡基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)宜(yi)(yi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇坡度(du)20度(du)～30度(du)、海拔100米-1000米，且(qie)土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松(song)、有(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)的向陽(yang)砂壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH應(ying)(ying)為(wei)6.5-8.0，也可(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)擇疏(shu)林下套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇：須(xu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇當地(di)(di)(di)(di)白(bai)花(hua)前(qian)胡，于(yu)霜降后(hou)采(cai)集(ji)健壯(zhuang)、無病(bing)的野生(sheng)或種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成熟果序，曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)擦打，使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子脫出(chu)，去除(chu)雜(za)質(zhi)。關鍵技術：按照(zhao)DB330127/T045—2008《無公害前(qian)胡生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)(gui)程》操作，為(wei)保證其(qi)(qi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特色和(he)前(qian)胡質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全，基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇：按產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)求(qiu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇海拔100米-1000米、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松(song)、有(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)、排(pai)水(shui)良(liang)好向陽(yang)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)石灰巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)，也可(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)疏(shu)林下套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。前(qian)胡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)間以(yi)每(mei)(mei)年11月(yue)上旬(xun)～翌(yi)年1月(yue)下旬(xun)冬(dong)播(bo)(bo)為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)，也可(ke)在(zai)2月(yue)下旬(xun)～3月(yue)上旬(xun)春播(bo)(bo)。連片種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)條播(bo)(bo)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，每(mei)(mei)667m2用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1.5kg～2kg。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)宜(yi)(yi)整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)作畦(qi)，施入基(ji)肥(fei)，在(zai)整(zheng)好地(di)(di)(di)(di)的畦(qi)面上按規(gui)(gui)格以(yi)30cm～40cm的行(xing)距開播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溝(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)深2cm～3cm，溝(gou)(gou)底平坦，土(tu)(tu)細碎，然(ran)后(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子均(jun)勻撒(sa)(sa)在(zai)溝(gou)(gou)內，覆蓋3cm細土(tu)(tu)，稍壓實，澆(jiao)水(shui)保濕。可(ke)于(yu)疏(shu)林及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)中藥材(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)撒(sa)(sa)播(bo)(bo)，將(jiang)前(qian)胡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子均(jun)勻撒(sa)(sa)播(bo)(bo)在(zai)土(tu)(tu)中，然(ran)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)竹枝或掃(sao)帚輕(qing)輕(qing)拂動，每(mei)(mei)667m2用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)可(ke)為(wei)平地(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的1/2-1/3。生(sheng)長管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)：苗(miao)(miao)期應(ying)(ying)保持(chi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)濕潤(run)，遇干(gan)(gan)旱時(shi)應(ying)(ying)澆(jiao)水(shui)，澆(jiao)水(shui)時(shi)宜(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)噴(pen)淋(lin)方式。幼苗(miao)(miao)長至(zhi)3cm～5cm高(gao)時(shi)，進(jin)行(xing)中耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)，并拔除(chu)過密(mi)和(he)過細苗(miao)(miao)，按株距4cm左右定苗(miao)(miao)(密(mi)度(du)約45000～50000株/667m2)；6月(yue)中旬(xun)～７月(yue)上旬(xun)進(jin)行(xing)第二次中耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)，淺鋤。施肥(fei)以(yi)基(ji)肥(fei)為(wei)主，增施有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)。夏秋季久(jiu)旱時(shi)，宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)清(qing)晨或傍晚進(jin)行(xing)澆(jiao)水(shui)；梅雨(yu)季節要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)排(pai)水(shui)防(fang)(fang)漬。6月(yue)～7月(yue)間，對產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)花(hua)莖的植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株，可(ke)結合中耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)去除(chu)。病(bing)蟲防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：根據病(bing)蟲害發生(sheng)規(gui)(gui)律和(he)預報，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)加(jia)強管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、培育(yu)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)、提高(gao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株抗逆性(xing)、及(ji)(ji)時(shi)清(qing)理(li)(li)(li)田間雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)病(bing)株集(ji)中處理(li)(li)(li)、殺(sha)蟲燈等農業、物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)生(sheng)物(wu)等綠色防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)方式進(jin)行(xing)病(bing)蟲害綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。采(cai)收(shou)與初加(jia)工：于(yu)霜降后(hou)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株枯萎時(shi)至(zhi)第二年春分前(qian)采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)時(shi)全株挖起，抖去泥土(tu)(tu)，去除(chu)葉(xie)莖，曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)或低(di)溫烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)。制干(gan)(gan)中，須(xu)根干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)而主根未干(gan)(gan)時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)除(chu)去須(xu)根后(hou)再干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)至(zhi)全干(gan)(gan)。加(jia)工后(hou)的成品(pin)(pin)前(qian)胡藥材(cai)宜(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)凈麻(布)袋裝，并置于(yu)陰(yin)涼干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)處保存，貯藏環境(jing)應(ying)(ying)整(zheng)潔干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)，且(qie)應(ying)(ying)定期檢(jian)查(cha)，發現(xian)吸潮(chao)、返(fan)軟(ruan)時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)晾(liang)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)處理(li)(li)(li)。