芒果视频

產地環境

永定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)位于福建(jian)省西(xi)南部，介于北緯24°23′～25°05′、東經116°25′～117°05′之間(jian)。 東連南靖縣(xian)(xian)，東南與(yu)(yu)平和縣(xian)(xian)交(jiao)界，西(xi)南與(yu)(yu)廣東省大(da)埔縣(xian)(xian)、梅(mei)州市梅(mei)縣(xian)(xian)區(qu)接壤，西(xi)北與(yu)(yu)上杭縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)連，東北與(yu)(yu)新羅區(qu)毗鄰。全境東西(xi)最寬距離68公(gong)里(li)，南北最長距離80公(gong)里(li)，總面積2223平方公(gong)里(li)。

縣(xian)內(nei)地勢東北高、西南低(di)，地貌屬典型的中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)。全境(jing)群山(shan)(shan)起伏，大致以永(yong)定(ding)河為界(jie)，分(fen)(fen)東、西兩大部分(fen)(fen)：東部是博平(ping)嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)向西南延伸的中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)山(shan)(shan)，西部屬玳瑁(mao)山(shan)(shan)支脈(mo)。縣(xian)內(nei)主要(yao)河流(liu)有永(yong)定(ding)河、金(jin)豐溪、黃潭(tan)河、汀江干流(liu)。永(yong)定(ding)地處北回歸(gui)線北側、中(zhong)(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)向南亞熱帶(dai)過渡地段，屬亞熱帶(dai)海(hai)洋性季(ji)風氣候，濕(shi)潤(run)溫和，夏長而(er)不(bu)酷熱，冬短而(er)無嚴寒(han)，年平(ping)均氣溫20.1℃，年平(ping)均相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)81%。年平(ping)均霜期10天(tian)，年降雨量大多在(zai)1400～1800毫米之間，年平(ping)均日照時數1742.8小時。

巴戟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)一種生(sheng)(sheng)長在(zai)熱帶、南亞(ya)熱帶雨林的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藤本植物(wu)(wu)，對(dui)溫、濕(shi)、光、風等因素有(you)特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，因而形成(cheng)了具有(you)“前陰后陽、上(shang)陽下陰”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)學(xue)特性。外界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)條(tiao)件必須符合這種特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，才(cai)能有(you)巴戟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)自然生(sheng)(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性。巴戟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)雨量(liang)較(jiao)充沛、土(tu)壤較(jiao)濕(shi)潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境。但(dan)水(shui)分(fen)過(guo)多，往往引起根(gen)(gen)系腐爛(lan)甚(shen)至全株死(si)亡。有(you)些(xie)產(chan)區(qu)在(zai)較(jiao)干旱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山坡或(huo)山頂(ding)種植，雖能生(sheng)(sheng)長，但(dan)產(chan)量(liang)不高(gao)。在(zai)年(nian)平均降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1600毫米左右、相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)80%左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地區(qu)，生(sheng)(sheng)長發育良好。干燥度(du)適(shi)宜在(zai)1以下，不能超過(guo)1.23。巴戟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)深根(gen)(gen)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作物(wu)(wu)，肉質根(gen)(gen)可深達土(tu)中1米以上(shang)，故要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)上(shang)層厚(hou)度(du)80－100厘米以上(shang)方能滿(man)足(zu)其根(gen)(gen)系生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。永定(ding)縣(xian)得天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候條(tiao)件和(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山地資源較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿(man)足(zu)了這些(xie)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，是(shi)巴戟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)區(qu)域。

品種特性

巴戟天為茜草科植物的干(gan)燥(zao)根莖，又名巴戟、雞(ji)腸(chang)風(feng)等，中藥名巴戟天，是中醫常(chang)用的補(bu)腎壯(zhuang)陽(yang)、強(qiang)筋壯(zhuang)骨藥。其性(xing)微(wei)溫，味甘、辛，歸腎、肝(gan)經(jing)。具(ju)補(bu)腎陽(yang)、益精血(xue)、強(qiang)筋骨、祛風(feng)濕等功能。

巴戟天主(zhu)產福(fu)(fu)建、廣東、廣西、海南等省（區）。福(fu)(fu)建省的巴戟天自1963年就開(kai)始進行(xing)野生轉(zhuan)家種(zhong)，以南靖、平和。武平、永定等地(di)為(wei)主(zhu)要產地(di)，以家種(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)。

由于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)(tian)種(zhong)(zhong)植在(zai)山坡地，因此，種(zhong)(zhong)植巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)(tian)時(shi)應(ying)注意防(fang)止水土流失，在(zai)山坡地種(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)多與松樹套種(zhong)(zhong)。福(fu)建省在(zai)20世紀70年代邀請科研(yan)(yan)單位和大專(zhuan)院校的專(zhuan)家、教(jiao)授先后對(dui)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)(tian)進行了(le)(le)品種(zhong)(zhong)鑒定、快速育苗、高產(chan)栽培、病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治等技術(shu)的研(yan)(yan)究，基本上解決了(le)(le)發展巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)(tian)的一些難題，使(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟天(tian)(tian)的生產(chan)得(de)到了(le)(le)發展。到20世紀80年代種(zhong)(zhong)植面積達(da)38公頃，1981年產(chan)量(liang)達(da)91噸。

巴戟天為多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)藤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)草(cao)本植物，根(gen)肥厚(hou)，圓(yuan)柱形(xing)，呈(cheng)結節狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，直(zhi)徑1－2厘米(mi)，分(fen)支(zhi)。外表灰黃色(se)(se)，具有(you)不(bu)規(gui)則橫紋，常因皮部縊縮(suo)(suo)而(er)更為明顯(xian)。質(zhi)地堅韌，不(bu)易折(zhe)斷，橫切面的皮部厚(hou)，淡白色(se)(se)，干時(shi)淡紫(zi)色(se)(se)，內有(you)一個小(xiao)(xiao)而(er)圓(yuan)的呈(cheng)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)木心，有(you)縱棱，灰色(se)(se)或(huo)暗褐色(se)(se)。小(xiao)(xiao)枝初時(shi)褐色(se)(se)，有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)粗毛(mao)，后脫落(luo)、單葉(xie)對生(sheng)(sheng)，葉(xie)片(pian)呈(cheng)長橢圓(yuan)形(xing)，大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)變異(yi)較大(da)，長3－14厘米(mi)，寬(kuan)2－6厘米(mi)；先端(duan)(duan)急短(duan)(duan)失或(huo)短(duan)(duan)漸失，基部鈍(dun)形(xing)或(huo)渾圓(yuan)；表面深綠，嫩時(shi)被(bei)粗毛(mao)，后脫落(luo)，葉(xie)緣有(you)稀(xi)疏(shu)小(xiao)(xiao)睫毛(mao)；葉(xie)柄短(duan)(duan)，被(bei)毛(mao)；托葉(xie)膜質(zhi)鞘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。4－6月開花(hua)(hua)。頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)呈(cheng)傘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)排列，每(mei)一花(hua)(hua)序(xu)上(shang)有(you)2－10朵花(hua)(hua)，排列于枝端(duan)(duan)，花(hua)(hua)序(xu)梗(geng)被(bei)黃色(se)(se)短(duan)(duan)粗毛(mao)；花(hua)(hua)萼倒(dao)圓(yuan)錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，先端(duan)(duan)有(you)不(bu)規(gui)則的齒裂或(huo)平截；花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)肉質(zhi)，白色(se)(se)，通(tong)常4裂，少3裂，花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管喉部收縮(suo)(suo)，內面密生(sheng)(sheng)短(duan)(duan)粗毛(mao)；雄蕊與花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)片(pian)等數；子房下位(wei)，4室，花(hua)(hua)柱短(duan)(duan)而(er)纖(xian)細。

生產情況

巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)中藥(yao)材，其(qi)中“湖山(shan)(shan)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”為該(gai)縣(xian)傳統(tong)名產中成(cheng)藥(yao)。永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)具有栽培(pei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)得(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候條件(jian)和(he)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)資源，永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)種植(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)史比較悠(you)久，湖山(shan)(shan)鄉是永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)原(yuan)產地(di)(di)。早(zao)在(zai)20世紀七十年代就已有巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)野生轉家種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)功經驗，藥(yao)效成(cheng)份也得(de)到了(le)有關中藥(yao)材專家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首肯。1986年3月，永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)在(zai)湖山(shan)(shan)鄉開辟了(le)200畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)生產基地(di)(di)。經過多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努力，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)種植(zhi)(zhi)覆蓋全鄉9個(ge)(ge)建(jian)制村、34個(ge)(ge)自然村。永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)首先合理布局，選擇(ze)以湖山(shan)(shan)鄉為主，輻(fu)射帶動(dong)金豐(feng)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)洋(yang)、岐嶺(ling)、大(da)溪(xi)、湖坑、古竹、高頭、陳東等鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)及虎崗、堂(tang)堡(bao)、合溪(xi)等10個(ge)(ge)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)資源豐(feng)富且屬中、高海(hai)拔地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)種植(zhi)(zhi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。充分利用(yong)湖山(shan)(shan)鄉優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)種植(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)，采用(yong)現(xian)代化組培(pei)技術(shu)繁育苗(miao)木，建(jian)立優良苗(miao)木繁育基地(di)(di)。規劃湖山(shan)(shan)鄉三(san)萊、桂(gui)平兩村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐背芨-上(shang)平-萬(wan)安一帶、賽(sai)華泥溪(xi)子、黃坑雙子崠(dong)為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)重(zhong)點示范(fan)基地(di)(di)。為確保巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健康穩步(bu)發展，永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)出臺了(le)一系(xi)列優惠政(zheng)策：每年安排培(pei)訓經費(fei)5萬(wan)元，培(pei)訓各種技術(shu)力量1000人(ren)。免費(fei)提供優良苗(miao)木種植(zhi)(zhi)，為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)戟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)產業(ye)化提供了(le)保障。