外貌特征
南江黃(huang)羊(yang)被(bei)毛黃(huang)色,毛短(duan)而富有光澤,面部(bu)毛色黃(huang)黑,鼻(bi)梁兩側有一對(dui)稱的淺(qian)色條(tiao)紋(wen),公羊(yang)頸部(bu)及前(qian)胸著生黑黃(huang)色粗長(chang)(chang)被(bei)毛,自枕部(bu)沿背脊有一條(tiao)黑色毛帶,十字部(bu)后漸淺(qian);頭(tou)大適中,鼻(bi)微(wei)拱,有角或無(wu)角;體軀略呈(cheng)圓桶形,頸長(chang)(chang)度適中,前(qian)胸深廣、肋骨開張(zhang),背腰(yao)平(ping)直,四肢粗壯。
生活習性
成年公(gong)羊體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)40~55千(qian)(qian)克(ke),母(mu)羊34~46千(qian)(qian)克(ke)。公(gong)、母(mu)羔平(ping)均初生重(zhong)(zhong)為2.28千(qian)(qian)克(ke),2月齡體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羔為9~13.5千(qian)(qian)克(ke),母(mu)羔為8~11.5千(qian)(qian)克(ke)。
南江黃羊(yang)初生(sheng)至(zhi)2月齡日(ri)增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羔(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)120~180克(ke)(ke)(ke),母羔(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)100~150克(ke)(ke)(ke);至(zhi)6月齡日(ri)增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羔(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)85~150克(ke)(ke)(ke),母羔(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)60~110克(ke)(ke)(ke);至(zhi)周歲日(ri)增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羔(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)35~80克(ke)(ke)(ke),母羔(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)21~36克(ke)(ke)(ke)。南江黃羊(yang)8月齡羯(jie)羊(yang)平均(jun)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)10.78千克(ke)(ke)(ke),周歲羯(jie)羊(yang)平均(jun)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)15千克(ke)(ke)(ke),屠宰率(lv)為(wei)(wei)49%,凈肉率(lv)38%。
南江黃羊性成熟早,3~5月齡(ling)初次發情,母(mu)羊6~8月齡(ling)體重達25千克(ke)開始配(pei)種(zhong),公(gong)羊12~18月齡(ling)體重達35千克(ke)參加(jia)配(pei)種(zhong)。成年母(mu)羊四季(ji)發情,發情周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)平均(jun)為19.5天,妊娠期(qi)(qi)148天,產羔率200%左(zuo)右。
選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)關(guan)選(xuan)(xuan)購好(hao)(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)苗是養殖成功的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵 要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)精神狀況好(hao)(hao),體質健壯(zhuang),毛色純正,光亮(liang),膘體好(hao)(hao),品種(zhong)(zhong)純,生產性能好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)羊(yang)(yang)作為種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)。疫(yi)區的(de)(de)羊(yang)(yang)、雜(za)交后代(dai)羊(yang)(yang)、有嚴重生理(li)缺陷或嚴重遺傳性疾病的(de)(de)羊(yang)(yang)均不能作為種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)。選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi),最好(hao)(hao)請(qing)有經驗的(de)(de)專業技術人員參加。
采食特點
南(nan)江(jiang)黃(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由于(yu)有(you)(you)(you)長而(er)靈活(huo)的(de)(de)薄(bo)唇,下切(qie)齒向外(wai)弓(gong)而(er)銳利,上顎(e)平整而(er)堅,便于(yu)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)切(qie)斷牧草(cao)(cao)。南(nan)江(jiang)黃(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)牧草(cao)(cao)種(zhong)類很多(duo),據(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)關資料(liao)統(tong)計(ji),在(zai)655種(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong),南(nan)江(jiang)黃(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)利用(yong)達(da)五百多(duo)種(zhong),占80%,比(bi)牛利用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)率多(duo)28%.南(nan)江(jiang)黃(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)對(dui)粗(cu)纖(xian)維含(han)(han)量(liang)高的(de)(de)作物(wu)秸稈(gan)利用(yong)率可達(da)70%.最喜(xi)(xi)歡(huan)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)粗(cu)纖(xian)維少而(er)含(han)(han)蛋白質(zhi)多(duo)的(de)(de)牧草(cao)(cao)和樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木嫩枝(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間大部(bu)分(fen)集中(zhong)在(zai)白天(tian)(tian),采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)與日出密切(qie)相關。每天(tian)(tian)它們只是(shi)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間內攝食(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)很大,而(er)在(zai)其他(ta)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間進(jin)行反芻、休息。據(ju)(ju)測(ce)定(ding),每天(tian)(tian)清晨和黃(huang)昏時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)很大。此(ci)外(wai),南(nan)江(jiang)黃(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)也(ye)隨季(ji)節的(de)(de)變(bian)化而(er)變(bian)化。春季(ji)、牧草(cao)(cao)剛(gang)剛(gang)萌(meng)發,樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)變(bian)青綠,此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)不挑剔(ti),夏、秋季(ji)牧草(cao)(cao)繁茂時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),則開(kai)(kai)始(shi)選擇(ze)性(xing)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。對(dui)禾本科牧草(cao)(cao),hn-mc墨西(xi)哥玉米(mi)草(cao)(cao),喜(xi)(xi)歡(huan)在(zai)揚花抽穗(sui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi);對(dui)豆科牧草(cao)(cao)hn-mc苜蓿(xu),喜(xi)(xi)歡(huan)在(zai)子粒豐(feng)(feng)熟時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi);對(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),喜(xi)(xi)歡(huan)新(xin)生、嫩綠時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。末秋植(zhi)物(wu)由青變(bian)黃(huang),這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)江(jiang)黃(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)先(xian)挑食(shi)(shi)(shi)青綠部(bu)分(fen)。冬(dong)季(ji),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)吃落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、雜(za)草(cao)(cao)和秸稈(gan)為(wei)主。南(nan)江(jiang)黃(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)喜(xi)(xi)歡(huan)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),如槐樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、榆(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、紫穗(sui)槐、白楊(yang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、枸樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、合歡(huan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、桑樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、柞(zuo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)等。這(zhe)些樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)中(zhong)粗(cu)蛋白質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)按干物(wu)質(zhi)計(ji)算都在(zai)20%左右,無毒,營(ying)養豐(feng)(feng)富,是(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)抓膘和冬(dong)季(ji)保膘的(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)來源。所以(yi)(yi)每當寒冬(dong)臘月(yue)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)不能(neng)遠牧時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可將羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)趕至樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林、河灘、道路兩(liang)旁采(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)些樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。有(you)(you)(you)些樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)單寧,有(you)(you)(you)澀味,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不愛(ai)吃。夾竹桃(tao)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、蓖(bi)麻(ma)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、漆(qi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)(you)(you)毒,要嚴禁飼喂(wei)。對(dui)于(yu)天(tian)(tian)然牧草(cao)(cao)資源豐(feng)(feng)富、采(cai)(cai)取全圈養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)(you)困難的(de)(de)養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)戶,可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)放(fang)牧方式養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。此(ci)法(fa)管理比(bi)較(jiao)粗(cu)放(fang),但對(dui)重胎、哺乳母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和育肥羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye)應(ying)于(yu)歸牧后補喂(wei)一(yi)定(ding)精(jing)料(liao),其余羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只以(yi)(yi)牧草(cao)(cao)為(wei)日糧,全群(qun)應(ying)供給(gei)清潔飲水,補喂(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)或人(ren)尿(niao)。
種群分布
是四(si)(si)川南(nan)江(jiang)縣(xian)經(jing)過(guo)7年選(xuan)育而成(cheng),經(jing)過(guo)長期(qi)的選(xuan)育而成(cheng)的肉(rou)用型山羊品(pin)種,產于(yu)四(si)(si)川省(sheng)南(nan)江(jiang)縣(xian)。