一.產品介紹
解放(fang)前祿勸(quan)縣內基本沒有公(gong)路(lu),山高谷深,各(ge)民族之(zhi)(zhi)間相(xiang)互來往(wang)較(jiao)少,很多(duo)地(di)方自覺不自覺地(di)對豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采取近(jin)親交配、閉鎖繁育(yu)的(de)選(xuan)育(yu)方法(fa),通過(guo)千百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)自然選(xuan)擇,使它(ta)們(men)的(de)體(ti)形(xing)外貌、生產(chan)(chan)性(xing)能(neng)和生長環境等特征特性(xing)基本趨于一致,自然而(er)然的(de)就形(xing)成(cheng)了優良的(de)地(di)方品(pin)種—撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。由于境內自然地(di)理(li)狀況復雜多(duo)樣,各(ge)地(di)氣候(hou)、飼(si)料(liao)、飼(si)養管(guan)理(li)差(cha)異較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da),選(xuan)育(yu)目的(de)、生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)求和生活習慣不同,使撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)成(cheng)了大(da)(da)(da)(da)、中(zhong)、小型三種類群(qun)。 20世紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代末期,在(zai)第(di)一次畜禽(qin)品(pin)種資源(yuan)調(diao)查中(zhong)使用了撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱;撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)錄(lu)入《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)種志(zhi)》;1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)錄(lu)入《云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)省家(jia)畜家(jia)禽(qin)品(pin)種志(zhi)》;2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)2日,農業(ye)(ye)部(bu)以(yi)第(di)662號公(gong)告列(lie)入“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級畜禽(qin)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)錄(lu)”, 2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)9日,云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)省農業(ye)(ye)廳第(di)15號公(gong)告列(lie)入“云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)省省級畜禽(qin)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)錄(lu)”;2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)錄(lu)入《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)畜禽(qin)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)志(zhi).豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)志(zhi)》;撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)在(zai)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)省農業(ye)(ye)廳等部(bu)門組織(zhi)的(de)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)“六(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、六(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牛、六(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)羊(yang)、六(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)雞、六(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)魚”評選(xuan)活動中(zhong)被評定為云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)“六(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”之(zhi)(zhi)一。 祿勸(quan)火腿加工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)以(yi)撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和含撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)血緣(yuan)的(de)雜交豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為原(yuan)料(liao)進行加工(gong)的(de)“撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)火腿”,2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)獲得(de)“云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)省著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標”稱號,“撒(sa)(sa)壩(ba)(ba)火腿”年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)銷量達(da)5200噸(dun),暢銷省內、外,發(fa)展成(cheng)為了較(jiao)有影響力的(de)“云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)火腿”品(pin)牌之(zhi)(zhi)一。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、地形地貌養殖(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)最高海(hai)拔4248m,最低海(hai)拔746m,適宜(yi)(yi)養殖(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)的海(hai)拔為1200m ~2800m;土壤(rang)(rang)類型主要是紅(hong)色土壤(rang)(rang)、紫色土壤(rang)(rang)、棕(zong)色土壤(rang)(rang)和(he)黃棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang);適宜(yi)(yi)養殖(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)為山(shan)(shan)區(qu)、半山(shan)(shan)區(qu)和(he)壩區(qu)。
2、水(shui)文情況養殖區的水(shui)資源豐富,縣境內(nei)掌鳩(jiu)河(he)(he)、普(pu)渡河(he)(he)貫穿其中,云龍水(shui)庫和雙化水(shui)庫是昆明(ming)城區主要飲用水(shui)源地,水(shui)質清潔、無(wu)污(wu)染。
3、氣候(hou)情況祿勸(quan)地(di)處低緯(wei)高原,按氣候(hou)區劃為北亞熱帶季(ji)(ji)風氣候(hou),大部(bu)分(fen)地(di)區的氣候(hou)特點是冬無嚴(yan)寒,夏無酷暑,四(si)季(ji)(ji)不分(fen)明(ming),干(gan)濕度分(fen)明(ming),雨熱同(tong)季(ji)(ji)。全境氣候(hou)溫和,熱量豐富,日照(zhao)充足,雨量充沛。年最(zui)高氣溫33.3℃、最(zui)低氣溫-6.5℃、平(ping)均氣溫15.6℃,無霜期234天;年平(ping)均日照(zhao)時(shi)數2323.4h,年平(ping)均降雨量947.7㎜,呈典型(xing)的立體氣候(hou),適宜多種動植(zhi)物的生長。
三.地域范圍
祿勸(quan)撒(sa)壩豬(zhu)的產(chan)地(di)位于云南(nan)(nan)省昆明市祿勸(quan)彝族苗族自治縣境內,涉(she)及撒(sa)營盤、團街(jie)、中屏(ping)、云龍(long)、茂山、則黑、馬(ma)鹿塘(tang)、烏東(dong)德(de)、皎平渡、湯朗、翠華、雪(xue)山、烏蒙、轉龍(long)、九龍(long)15個鄉鎮(zhen)和屏(ping)山(街(jie)道辦);地(di)理坐標(biao)為: 東(dong)經102°14′~102°57′,北(bei)緯25°24′~26°2 2′之間,東(dong)西寬69km,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長105km,養(yang)殖區域范圍4229平方千米,年(nian)存欄(lan)數為13萬頭,豬(zhu)肉年(nian)產(chan)量4500噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
4.1外部特(te)征撒壩(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)全(quan)(quan)身被毛(mao)黑(hei)色,少(shao)數(shu)火毛(mao)。體型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng),體軀狹長(chang)。頭(tou)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)大(da),額(e)窄、有(you)八卦(gua)或不完全(quan)(quan)八卦(gua)皺(zhou)褶,耳中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)大(da)、前傾稍(shao)下垂,嘴筒稍(shao)長(chang),少(shao)數(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)。腹部下垂不拖地,臀部稍(shao)尖(jian)斜,四(si)肢堅實有(you)力,尾粗長(chang),尾根(gen)低,乳頭(tou)5~6對(dui),少(shao)數(shu)7對(dui),排列整齊。 撒壩(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)性成熟早,公(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)初情(qing)期2~3月(yue)(yue)齡,母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)3~4月(yue)(yue)齡;公(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)配種年齡約150日齡,母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)約198日齡。母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)窩均初產(chan)仔7~8頭(tou),經產(chan)8~10頭(tou)。4.2內在品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)征撒壩(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)耐(nai)粗飼(si),抗逆性強(qiang),肌(ji)內脂肪(fang)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(6.5~7.14%),風味獨特(te)。水分(fen)含(han)量(liang)(liang)<70%;pH值5.6~6.75;粗脂肪(fang)≥26.14%;蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥20% ;氨(an)基酸總量(liang)(liang)≥15 %。4.3質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)規定(ding)(ding)撒壩(ba)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)殖(zhi)和銷售(shou)必須(xu)遵守(shou)《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和國(guo)動物(wu)防疫法》和《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和國(guo)農產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)法》等(deng)有(you)關(guan)法律的規定(ding)(ding),產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)嚴(yan)格按(an)NY5030-2001《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)獸藥(yao)使(shi)用準則(ze)(ze)》,NY5031-2001《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)獸醫防疫準則(ze)(ze)》,NY5032-2001《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)飼(si)料使(shi)用準則(ze)(ze)》,NY5033-2001《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)飼(si)管理準則(ze)(ze)》的規定(ding)(ding)執行。