電風扇(shan)工作(zuo)原理及檢修

風扇的分類：

散熱風扇通常(chang)分為以(yi)下三類：

軸(zhou)(zhou)流(liu)式：氣流(liu)出口方向(xiang)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)心方向(xiang)相同(tong)。

離心(xin)式：利(li)用離心(xin)力作用將氣(qi)流沿著葉片向(xiang)外甩出。

混(hun)流式：擁(yong)有以上兩(liang)種氣(qi)流方式。

電風扇電路圖

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以上(shang)是比較常見的(de)家用電風(feng)扇的(de)電路圖，從中我們也不難(nan)看出它的(de)一些原理，但(dan)是現在電風(feng)扇產(chan)品越來越多(duo)，其(qi)電路圖也越來越復雜(za)，但(dan)是還是萬變不離其(qi)中。

電風扇工作原理

電(dian)風扇(shan)(shan)中(zhong)的(de)電(dian)流是交流電(dian)，主要的(de)工作原(yuan)理就是通電(dian)線圈在磁(ci)場中(zhong)受力而轉(zhuan)動。電(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化為機(ji)械(xie)能(neng)，轉(zhuan)動風葉，同時由于線圈電(dian)阻，會(hui)(hui)產生一些熱能(neng)，所以(yi)一般電(dian)風扇(shan)(shan)使用(yong)過久(jiu)表面會(hui)(hui)熱。電(dian)風扇(shan)(shan)的(de)原(yuan)理比較簡單，一般在初中(zhong)的(de)物理課程上都會(hui)(hui)學(xue)到。

電風扇轉不動的原因

首先還是要確定一下是不是一些外部原因。諸如插頭沒有插好，風扇開關沒有全部開啟，一般的風扇還應該注意是否定時的關掉了，如果這些都沒有問題的話，就可能是電風扇扇本身的原因。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風扇(shan)本身的原(yuan)因可能(neng)包括了風葉可能(neng)太(tai)久了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的內(nei)阻變(bian)大(da)，導(dao)致風葉無法正常轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)；風扇(shan)過熱引起(qi)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機帶(dai)負(fu)載能(neng)力變(bian)差，導(dao)致無法轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機內(nei)部的保護裝(zhuang)置過熱短路；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風扇(shan)的啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)變(bian)小；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風扇(shan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸軸向間(jian)隙過大(da)也會引發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風扇(shan)問(wen)題。

電風扇轉不動的修理方法

先檢查一(yi)(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)扇以外的(de)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)是不(bu)(bu)是全部(bu)都弄妥當了(le)；然后如果是風(feng)葉不(bu)(bu)轉(zhuan)的(de)話就關閉電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，在(zai)風(feng)葉轉(zhuan)動的(de)軸(zhou)上面加一(yi)(yi)些潤滑油；其他(ta)的(de)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)可(ke)能(neng)就會(hui)涉及到更換軸(zhou)套、拆換電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、調(diao)整(zheng)墊片、電(dian)(dian)(dian)線損壞更換電(dian)(dian)(dian)線等問題(ti)(ti)(ti)，一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)是專業(ye)的(de)人員就要請(qing)維修師傅來看一(yi)(yi)下了(le)，不(bu)(bu)過一(yi)(yi)般也不(bu)(bu)是好大(da)的(de)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)，也花不(bu)(bu)了(le)多少(shao)錢。

散熱風扇的原理及性能

原理：風扇(shan)的(de)(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)是按(an)能(neng)(neng)量轉化(hua)來實現的(de)(de)，即：電能(neng)(neng)→電磁能(neng)(neng)→機械能(neng)(neng)→動能(neng)(neng)。其電路原(yuan)理(li)一般分為多種形式，采用的(de)(de)電路不同，風扇(shan)的(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)就會有差異。

轉 速：轉(zhuan)速(su)指(zhi)風扇旋轉(zhuan)的速(su)度，通常以1分鐘(zhong)內(nei)轉(zhuan)動(dong)的圈數來衡(heng)量，即(ji)：rpm。轉(zhuan)速(su)與機電(dian)繞線匝數、線徑、扇葉葉輪(lun)外徑與底(di)徑，葉片形狀及所(suo)用軸承等因素有關，轉(zhuan)速(su)增大，風量相應(ying)增大。

轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速值的大(da)(da)(da)小，在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)程度上代表了風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)的大(da)(da)(da)小，在(zai)條件一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)時，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速越大(da)(da)(da)，則(ze)噪音及振動會相(xiang)應加大(da)(da)(da)，因此，在(zai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)滿足(zu)散熱要求的情況下，應盡量(liang)使用低轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)。一(yi)(yi)般轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速大(da)(da)(da)小(以(yi)DC軸流風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)為例)：2510風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)7000～12000rpm；3010風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)5000～9000rpm；4010風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)5000～7000rpm；5010風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)3500～5000rpm；6025風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)2600～4500rpm；7025風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)2400～3600rpm；8025風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)2000～3500rpm；9225風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)1600～3100rpm；12025風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)1500～2500rpm；12038風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)2000～3200rpm。

風(feng)扇轉(zhuan)速可(ke)在啟(qi)動電腦時通過BIOS測試，或通過其(qi)他主板自帶的監控軟件測試；也可(ke)以通過轉(zhuan)速測試儀測試。注(zhu)意：前兩種(zhong)方式(shi)必(bi)須是(shi)支持(chi)測速功能(neng)的風(feng)扇才能(neng)測出。

風量與風壓：風(feng)量與風(feng)壓的(de)測試方法(fa)有兩種(zhong)，一(yi)是(shi)用(yong)風(feng)洞儀測試，另一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)用(yong)雙(shuang)箱法(fa)測。但對(dui)于一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)戶而言，沒有這樣的(de)設備。只能根據廠家(jia)提供(gong)的(de)數據作(zuo)為參考，最終要看(kan)降(jiang)溫效(xiao)果(guo)。

風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)：風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)是指(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)之積。通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積是出口面(mian)(mian)(mian)積減去渦舌處的投影面(mian)(mian)(mian)積。平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)是氣流通(tong)過整個平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的氣體運動速(su)度(du)(du)(du)，單位是m3/s 。平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)一定時,扇(shan)(shan)(shan)葉葉輪外徑越大(da)(da)，通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積越大(da)(da)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)則(ze)越大(da)(da)。平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)由(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)和風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)決定。通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積一定時，平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)越大(da)(da)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)越大(da)(da)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)越大(da)(da)，空(kong)氣吸熱量(liang)則(ze)越大(da)(da)，空(kong)氣流動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)時能夠帶(dai)周能帶(dai)走更(geng)多的熱量(liang)，扇(shan)(shan)(shan)熱效果越明顯(xian)。

風(feng)壓(ya)：為進(jin)行(xing)(xing)正常通風(feng)，需(xu)要克服風(feng)扇(shan)通風(feng)行(xing)(xing)程內的阻(zu)力，風(feng)扇(shan)必須產生(sheng)克服送風(feng)阻(zu)力的壓(ya)力，測量(liang)到(dao)的壓(ya)力的變化值稱(cheng)為靜壓(ya)，即最大(da)靜壓(ya)與(yu)大(da)氣壓(ya)的差壓(ya)。它是氣體對平行(xing)(xing)于(yu)物體表面作用的壓(ya)力，靜壓(ya)是通過垂直于(yu)其表面的孔測量(liang)出來(lai)的。把氣體流動中(zhong)所需(xu)要動能轉化為壓(ya)力形式稱(cheng)為動壓(ya)。

為(wei)實(shi)現送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，需要有(you)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)數和，全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是指由風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)所給定的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)增加量(liang)(liang)，即風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口和進口之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)之差。在實(shi)際應(ying)用中，標稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)值并不是實(shi)際扇(shan)熱片得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)大，并不代(dai)表通風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能力強。因空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)流動(dong)時，氣(qi)(qi)流在其流動(dong)路徑(jing)會(hui)(hui)遇上扇(shan)熱稽片或元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)擾，其阻(zu)抗會(hui)(hui)限制(zhi)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)自(zi)由流通。即風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)增大時，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會(hui)(hui)減(jian)小(xiao)。因此(ci)必須有(you)一個最(zui)佳(jia)操作(zuo)工作(zuo)點(dian)，即風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)性(xing)能曲線與風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)阻(zu)曲線的(de)(de)(de)(de)交點(dian)。在工作(zuo)點(dian)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)特(te)性(xing)曲線之斜率(lv)為(wei)最(zui)小(xiao)，而系統(tong)特(te)性(xing)曲線之變(bian)化率(lv)為(wei)最(zui)低。注意(yi)此(ci)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)靜(jing)態效(xiao)率(lv)(風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)×風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)÷耗電)為(wei)最(zui)佳(jia)。 當然(ran)有(you)時為(wei)了能減(jian)少系統(tong)阻(zu)抗，甚(shen)至(zhi)選用尺寸較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)，也可以獲得相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)。

風扇的軸承系統：

風扇的軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)統一般建議(yi)最好(hao)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，因為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)熱風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的壽(shou)命(ming)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)取(qu)決于(yu)其(qi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的可靠性(xing)，滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)統已被證(zheng)實(shi)具有高(gao)效(xiao)率與(yu)低(di)(di)生熱的特(te)點。滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屬滾(gun)(gun)動摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)，由(you)金屬珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滾(gun)(gun)動，接觸(chu)面(mian)小，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)(xi)數小；而含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)滑動摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)，接觸(chu)面(mian)大，長期(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)會(hui)揮發，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)容易(yi)磨損，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)(xi)數大，后期(qi)(qi)噪音較大，壽(shou)命(ming)短。品(pin)質好(hao)的風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)除了通(tong)風(feng)(feng)量大、風(feng)(feng)壓(ya)高(gao)以(yi)外，可靠性(xing)也是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的，風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形式在(zai)此顯得(de)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)。高(gao)速風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)一律使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Ball bearing)而低(di)(di)速風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)則使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)成本低(di)(di)廉的含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Sleeve bearing)。含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)只用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；而滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)都(dou)需要(yao)兩個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，單滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)“1 Ball + 1 Sleeve”，依然(ran)帶有含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的成分。比單滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)更(geng)高(gao)級的是(shi)(shi)雙滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，即Two Balls。含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽(shou)命(ming)一般為(wei)10000小時(shi)，單滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)30000小時(shi)，雙滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)50000小時(shi)以(yi)上(shang)(環(huan)境溫度(du)均設定在(zai)25℃以(yi)下(xia)時(shi))。風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)銅基粉末(mo)燒結而成，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需加潤(run)(run)滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)減少滑動摩(mo)(mo)數,潤(run)(run)滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)由(you)鋰基潤(run)(run)滑脂加特(te)制(zhi)機油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)調制(zhi)而成。隨著長時(shi)間的運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內的機油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)會(hui)揮發而變干，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)(xi)數增大，風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)受影(ying)響(xiang)，可能(neng)出現(xian)異(yi)音，轉(zhuan)速偏(pian)慢甚至不(bu)轉(zhuan)現(xian)象。而滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)滾(gun)(gun)動摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)取(qu)代了滑動摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)(xi)數小并克(ke)服了摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)(xi)數容易(yi)變的缺點，因而運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)穩(wen)定性(xing)強，壽(shou)命(ming)相對要(yao)長得(de)多。