一、什么是燃料電池客車
燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池客車(che)(che)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)動(dong)客車(che)(che)的(de)一種,不(bu)過它(ta)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)充電(dian)的(de),而(er)是(shi)(shi)使用(yong)氫氧(yang)混合(he)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池,通過補充燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)來提供(gong)動(dong)力,簡單(dan)來說,燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池客車(che)(che)是(shi)(shi)一種用(yong)車(che)(che)載(zai)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池裝置產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)力作(zuo)為(wei)動(dong)力的(de)客車(che)(che),屬于新(xin)能源客車(che)(che)。
二、燃料電池客車工作原理是什么
燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池客(ke)(ke)車可以在五分鐘(zhong)內給電(dian)(dian)池灌滿燃(ran)料(liao),而不用等上(shang)幾個(ge)小時(shi)充電(dian)(dian),因(yin)此和普通的(de)電(dian)(dian)動客(ke)(ke)車相比更方便,那(nei)么燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池客(ke)(ke)車是怎(zen)么工作的(de)呢?
燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池客(ke)車的(de)(de)原理是:作(zuo)為燃(ran)料的(de)(de)氫在(zai)客(ke)車搭(da)載的(de)(de)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong),與大氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)氧氣(qi)發生(sheng)氧化還原化學反應,產(chan)生(sheng)出電(dian)(dian)能來帶(dai)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機工作(zuo),由電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機帶(dai)動(dong)客(ke)車中(zhong)的(de)(de)機械傳動(dong)結構,進(jin)而帶(dai)動(dong)汽車的(de)(de)前(qian)橋(qiao)(或后橋(qiao))等行走機械結構工作(zuo),從而驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)客(ke)車前(qian)進(jin)。
簡單來說,就(jiu)是燃料(liao)電池反(fan)應發電,產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電能(neng)驅動新(xin)能(neng)源客(ke)車,而且這種(zhong)反(fan)應只(zhi)會產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)極(ji)少(shao)的二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳和氮氧(yang)化(hua)物,副(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品主要(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)水,相當綠色環保。
三、燃料電池客車有幾種
燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)客車按照(zhao)驅(qu)動形式可(ke)分為(wei)純燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)驅(qu)動客車和混(hun)合驅(qu)動客車,混(hun)合驅(qu)動客車又可(ke)按輔助動力源分為(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)+蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)+超級電(dian)容,燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)+蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)+超級電(dian)容等多種:
1、純燃料電池客車
這種新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)客車以燃(ran)料(liao)電池作為單一動力源(yuan)(yuan),經DCDC帶動電機驅動整車行駛,結(jie)構簡單,但是燃(ran)料(liao)電池功率要求大,成(cheng)本昂貴(gui),由于燃(ran)料(liao)電池作為唯(wei)一動力源(yuan)(yuan),所以對燃(ran)料(liao)電池的性能(neng)(neng)和可靠(kao)性要求高,不(bu)能(neng)(neng)進行制動能(neng)(neng)量回收。
2、燃料電池+蓄電池混合驅動客車
燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)均為整車(che)動(dong)(dong)力源,燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)經DCDC帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)驅動(dong)(dong)整車(che)行(xing)駛,蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)也可(ke)驅動(dong)(dong)整車(che)行(xing)駛,進行(xing)制動(dong)(dong)能量回收,并用于空壓機等部件工作,電(dian)堆加(jia)(jia)熱,氣體加(jia)(jia)濕。此構型降低了燃(ran)料(liao)的功率要求、成本,并可(ke)實現制動(dong)(dong)能量回收,但是增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了系統復雜性和蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的維護成本。
3、燃料電池+超級電容混合驅動客車
燃(ran)料(liao)電池和超級(ji)電容均為整(zheng)車動(dong)(dong)力源,燃(ran)料(liao)電池經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)電機驅動(dong)(dong)整(zheng)車行駛,與蓄電池相比,超級(ji)電容壽命長(chang)、效率高、成本(ben)低(di),但由于其容量小,制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)量回收能(neng)量有(you)限。
4、燃料電池+蓄電池+超級電容混合驅動客車
燃料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、超級(ji)電(dian)容、蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)均為(wei)整車動(dong)(dong)力源,燃料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)整車行駛,與(yu)以上(shang)構型相比(bi),超級(ji)電(dian)容可提供加速或吸收緊急制動(dong)(dong)的尖峰電(dian)流,減輕蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的負(fu)擔(dan),延長蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽命(ming),但(dan)復(fu)雜(za)程度高、控制復(fu)雜(za)。