鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以(yi)上時(shi)(shi)就應及(ji)時(shi)(shi)對其進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。并且(qie)按如下(xia)三階段(duan)進行：第(di)一階段(duan)為恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)二階段(duan)為恒壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)三：階段(duan)為滑流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。否則，會(hui)嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)莆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)門(men)前廣泛用(yong)于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的UC3842集成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)可直接驅(qu)動MOS開關管，在穩(wen)定輸出(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)的同時，具(ju)有負(fu)載電流控(kong)制能(neng)(neng)力（稱(cheng)其為電流控(kong)制型(xing)開關電源驅動器）。無疑具(ju)有獨特的優勢：只要用(yong)極少的外圍元件即可實現(xian)(xian)恒壓(ya)輸出(chu)(chu)和(he)控(kong)制充(chong)(chong)電電流的目的。使充(chong)(chong)電器能(neng)(neng)夠按照鉛酸(suan)莆電池性(xing)能(neng)(neng)要求，達到接步驟地實現(xian)(xian)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)電的目的。

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鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)器參數解(jie)讀

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生產(chan)廠家的(de)要求也不一(yi)樣(yang)。最高(gao)充電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值相對(dui)(dui)誤(wu)差范圍(wei)是(shi)多少(shao)？我(wo)們(men)不能(neng)脫離實際的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)對(dui)(dui)象，盲目制定(ding)(ding)出(chu)超常(chang)規(gui)的(de)精(jing)度要求。我(wo)們(men)接到某電(dian)動(dong)車售(shou)后服(fu)務部(bu)通知：充電(dian)器比(bi)(bi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)0.1V，電(dian)池(chi)因此熱失控(kong)而充脹了；也接到通知說：電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)低0.1V，電(dian)池(chi)欠充，提前報(bao)廢。一(yi)個千分之(zhi)(zhi)幾的(de)誤(wu)差造成如(ru)此嚴重(zhong)后果，真是(shi)失之(zhi)(zhi)毫(hao)厘，謬之(zhi)(zhi)千里之(zhi)(zhi)外，鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)果真有這(zhe)么神秘嗎？為了解開困(kun)擾電(dian)動(dong)車充電(dian)中的(de)這(zhe)個謎團，做(zuo)如(ru)下實驗。

用一個(ge)水(shui)槽盛滿(man)水(shui)，電(dian)(dian)池放在水(shui)中，在電(dian)(dian)池上方有一個(ge)收(shou)集氣(qi)體(ti)用的倒扣的漏(lou)斗，漏(lou)斗頂端裝有可以(yi)計量氣(qi)體(ti)容量的注射針筒。充電(dian)(dian)用可調穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源，用兩(liang)只(zhi)四位半數字萬用表測量充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流和充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

試驗時(shi)(shi)間(jian)是(shi)在(zai)冬季，水溫5℃。實驗條件是(shi)統一(yi)(yi)用2A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分(fen)別用43V、44V、45V輪循環依次(ci)進(jin)行，浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流一(yi)(yi)律400mA，記錄下每(mei)次(ci)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，包括充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期(qi)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降各點數據(ju)、開始析氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，按時(shi)(shi)間(jian)記錄析氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)完后，用萬分(fen)之(zhi)幾精度(du)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)臺記錄放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)在(zai)計(ji)算(suan)紙上讀(du)出(chu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲線與坐標(biao)之(zhi)間(jian)的面積（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)就是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的定(ding)積分(fen)）。

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備注(zhu)：該電(dian)池組30℃時，放電(dian)容量為10Ah。

得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)試(shi)(shi)驗數(shu)(shu)據(ju)后(hou)，最感到(dao)(dao)(dao)驚異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是：充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)多少(shao)(shao)幾(ji)乎與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)無(wu)(wu)關(guan)。很(hen)多人認為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)會充(chong)不(bu)滿，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)會提(ti)前鹽化報廢(fei)，特別是在冬(dong)季氣溫(wen)較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)時候。而這次試(shi)(shi)驗正(zheng)好是在冬(dong)季，水溫(wen)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)5℃，試(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)中心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值是44V，上下偏差1V，相對誤差是2.3%。在用43V和45V充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和放出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)相差無(wu)(wu)幾(ji)，與(yu)大家公認的(de)(de)(de)看法(fa)大相徑庭，試(shi)(shi)驗是用的(de)(de)(de)同一(yi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，同樣的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)，輪番做同樣的(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)(shi)，實驗數(shu)(shu)據(ju)重復同樣的(de)(de)(de)規律，可排除(chu)偶然因素(su)干擾(rao)，試(shi)(shi)驗數(shu)(shu)據(ju)是準確(que)可信的(de)(de)(de)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理上看，只(zhi)(zhi)要充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，都會給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)直到(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中的(de)(de)(de)活性物質(zhi)轉(zhuan)換完成。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，也就是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)始由(you)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)區轉(zhuan)變到(dao)(dao)(dao)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)區，這種(zhong)轉(zhuan)變是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)自(zi)身充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)多少(shao)(shao)、活性物質(zhi)反(fan)應了(le)多少(shao)(shao)決(jue)定的(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)，僅是能(neng)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，只(zhi)(zhi)要高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就會給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多少(shao)(shao)物質(zhi)能(neng)參與(yu)反(fan)應由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)自(zi)身決(jue)定。從這個思(si)路理解(jie)，就不(bu)難得(de)出(chu)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)低(di)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)沒有(you)(you)多大影(ying)響。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在42.5V～43.5V時(shi)(shi)開始析(xi)氣(qi)，而析(xi)氣(qi)的(de)速度與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有(you)關(guan)。到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)(shi)，總析(xi)氣(qi)量與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有(you)關(guan)，43V與(yu)45V總析(xi)氣(qi)量相差10位（注：以單格(ge)允許極限失(shi)水10克，18格(ge)相當(dang)240公升氣(qi)體，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池45V時(shi)(shi)失(shi)水并不(bu)大）。 在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下降(jiang)區時(shi)(shi)，只要降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到(dao)42.5V時(shi)(shi)，析(xi)氣(qi)立即停(ting)止，這時(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)稍小一點(dian)，還會依(yi)著原來的(de)規律下降(jiang)。

這里對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)討論一下(xia)(xia)(xia)。對于(yu)長期處于(yu)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，如后(hou)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上(shang)用的(de)(de)(de)等，對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)要求是(shi)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)。據國(guo)處文獻，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)有-0.2%溫度(du)系數，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏差太大會(hui)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)鹽(yan)化。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)屬(shu)循環使用，不是(shi)處于(yu)這種狀態(tai)，不應該(gai)用套用浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)使用的(de)(de)(de)條件，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設定浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)僅是(shi)免(mian)于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期大量析(xi)氣失(shi)水，只要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)到析(xi)氣點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)以下(xia)(xia)(xia)，但也(ye)不能低于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而(er)停止向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。前面(mian)說過，在(zai)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)走勢基本還(huan)是(shi)依著原曲(qu)線下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，一般還(huan)補足(zu)5%的(de)(de)(de)容量。所(suo)以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)范圍是(shi)低于(yu)析(xi)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（42.5V），高(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)路端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（約40V）。

浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，只(zhi)不過是(shi)(shi)(shi)選擇在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)活性物(wu)質反(fan)應接(jie)近尾聲，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流自動下(xia)降到(dao)(dao)某一(yi)點(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，切(qie)換浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)記號，不少人以(yi)(yi)為浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不滿是(shi)(shi)(shi)概念不清，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)只(zhi)要高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，都會(hui)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只(zhi)不過有(you)(you)用戶看到(dao)(dao)指示燈(deng)紅轉綠后(hou)提(ti)前(qian)去(qu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，這種情況是(shi)(shi)(shi)不多的(de)，一(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)夜間(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)(dao)早晨綠燈(deng)已亮了(le)多時(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)的(de)廠家(jia)使用說明書上提(ti)醒用戶，在轉綠燈(deng)后(hou)繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小時(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)好(hao)很(hen)正確的(de)。所以(yi)(yi)沒有(you)(you)必要刻意去(qu)追求浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換點(dian)(dian)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)，一(yi)般(ban)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為50mA，失(shi)水以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，酸比(bi)增高(gao)(gao)(gao)，那時(shi)(shi)可達(da)500 mA以(yi)(yi)上。從析氣(qi)速率(lv)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)關系上來看（上圖），早點(dian)(dian)脫離析氣(qi)區(qu)為好(hao)，一(yi)方(fang)面，一(yi)方(fang)面可以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少析氣(qi)量，另一(yi)方(fang)面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用了(le)一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增高(gao)(gao)(gao)，但還(huan)能低(di)于(yu)我們設定的(de)轉換點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直在最高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)，大量失(shi)水，引發熱(re)控，充(chong)(chong)(chong)脹充(chong)(chong)(chong)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。有(you)(you)人固執地強調，浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換點(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)，前(qian)面已討論過，切(qie)換到(dao)(dao)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)，不是(shi)(shi)(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，還(huan)會(hui)繼續對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流適(shi)當高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)利于(yu)避免過分失(shi)水和熱(re)失(shi)控。

至于充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)設定(ding)，先看一下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池制(zhi)造廠(chang)家對(dui)10Ah（12Ah）吸附式小(xiao)型密封電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)技術要求(qiu)，通常(chang)規定(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率不要大(da)于0.3C，相當于4A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，而(er)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)2A左右，遠(yuan)離極限(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)范圍(wei)內大(da)一點、小(xiao)一點，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長一點、短一點，沒有(you)很高的(de)要求(qiu)，有(you)10%的(de)誤差就行了，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)精度(du)是5%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)精度(du)不會高于此。

總而言之(zhi)，不(bu)管(guan)哪家生產的(de)(de)鉛酸閥控吸附式小密封電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，其基本結構(gou)是完全一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)，僅極板、框架、滲入的(de)(de)微量元素、漿(jiang)料配(pei)方、硫酸濃度(du)等(deng)有(you)此微小差異，而在電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學方面都是一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)，也就是說它們單(dan)體的(de)(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流密度(du)（動(dong)力型）、開始析氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓點等(deng)，不(bu)會有(you)顯著的(de)(de)差異。一(yi)個按照前面所(suo)討論的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，可適應所(suo)有(you)品(pin)牌的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，不(bu)存在匹配(pei)問題。

鉛酸蓄(xu)電池充電器認識誤區

1、最高充電電壓與充入(ru)電量關系不大。

2、浮(fu)充電(dian)壓(ya)與(yu)充入電(dian)量沒關系，只(zhi)要高(gao)于電(dian)池最大開路端電(dian)壓(ya)，低(di)于開始析氣點電(dian)壓(ya)就行了(le)。

3、浮充轉換(huan)電流，僅(jin)是(shi)切換(huan)最(zui)高充電電壓到(dao)浮充電壓的設(she)定點，不宜(yi)過小或過大(da)，與(yu)充電量也沒關系。

4、充電電流只(zhi)要不(bu)超過0.3C(對10Ah相應為4A)都是允(yun)許的，不(bu)必要嚴(yan)格要求(qiu)。

所(suo)以，對于36V閥控式吸附式小密封電(dian)池組充電(dian)參數推(tui)薦如下：

最高電(dian)壓：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉換(huan)電流：300mA～500Ma

浮(fu)充電(dian)壓：41V～42V

充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛酸(suan)蓄電池充電中(zhong)一(yi)些認識誤(wu)區進行的試(shi)驗和(he)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，通過(guo)以上(shang)的試(shi)驗和(he)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)能使廣(guang)大消費者知道鉛酸(suan)蓄電池充電中(zhong)應注意的一(yi)些問題，以更(geng)好地正確(que)使用充電器。