【汽(qi)車(che)蓄(xu)電池(chi)充電】汽(qi)車(che)蓄(xu)電池(chi)怎么充電 汽車蓄(xu)電池充電時間

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液比(bi)重降至(zhi)1.2以下；冬季(ji)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)超過(guo)25%；夏季(ji)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)超過(guo)50%；燈光(guang)暗淡(dan)；啟動無力時應進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有的車(che)主認(ren)為，快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可以節省時間，只(zhi)需要3-5個小時。其實不然(ran)，快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)是迅速把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池表面激活，而實際上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部是沒有 完全(quan)充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的(de)行駛性能。雖說充(chong)電(dian)是個相當簡單的(de)操作，但(dan)也有一些注意事項(xiang)：

向(xiang)鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)時，要穿(chuan)上保(bao)護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近不能有(you)火花，禁(jin)止抽煙。

對(dui)一個或對(dui)多(duo)個蓄電(dian)池并聯充(chong)電(dian)時，充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)壓不要(yao)超(chao)過(guo)16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當(dang)今汽車上的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)設(she)(she)備越(yue)來越(yue)多，車主(zhu)在使用這些電(dian)(dian)動(dong)設(she)(she)備時，盡量(liang)不要讓蓄電(dian)(dian)池超負(fu)荷工作(zuo)(zuo)。蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)超負(fu)荷工作(zuo)(zuo)會減少蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命。掌握正確的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法很重要。

首先將電(dian)(dian)池正極接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源正極，電(dian)(dian)池負(fu)(fu)極接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源負(fu)(fu)極。

初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爭兩(liang)個階(jie)段進行：首先用初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出(chu)(chu)氣泡，單(dan)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)到2.3~2.4V為(wei)止。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為(wei)1/2初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，繼續(xu)充(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出(chu)(chu)劇烈的氣泡，比(bi)征(zheng)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連續(xu)3h穩定不(bu)變為(wei)止。全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間約為(wei)45~65h。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中應(ying)常測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液溫(wen)度用電(dian)(dian)(dian)流減半(ban)、停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或冷(leng)卻的方法，將(jiang)溫(wen)度控制在(zai)35~40℃，初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢時，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液比(bi)重(zhong)不合(he)規(gui)定，應(ying)用蒸餾(liu)水或比(bi)重(zhong)為1.4的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液進行(xing)調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2h，直至比(bi)重(zhong)符合(he)規(gui)定時為止。

提示:蓄電池一般二、三年更換一次。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充電過量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后再(zai)用(yong)。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛(shi)員常忽視對(dui)在(zai)(zai)用車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)車上充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不徹底，易造成極板硫(liu)化；同時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)使用中充、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是不平衡的，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池長期處(chu)于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板就(jiu)會慢慢硫(liu)化。這種慢性硫(liu)化，會使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)不斷(duan)降低，直到起動無力，大大縮(suo)短蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽(shou)命。為(wei)使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板上的活性物質及時(shi)得到還原，減少極板硫(liu)化，提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)，延(yan)長其使用壽(shou)命，對(dui)在(zai)(zai)用車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池應(ying)定期進(jin)行補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)池經(jing)常過(guo)量充電(dian)，即使(shi)充電(dian)電(dian)流不大，但電(dian)解液長時間(jian)“沸騰”，除(chu)了活性(xing)物質表面(mian)的(de)細小顆粒易(yi)于脫落外，還(huan)會(hui)使(shi)柵架(jia)過(guo)分氧化，造成活性(xing)物質與柵架(jia)松散剝(bo)離(li)。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造(zao)成蓄(xu)電(dian)池電(dian)荷容量不(bu)足，不(bu)能正常工作，甚至導(dao)致蓄(xu)電(dian)池報廢(fei)。因(yin)此，充(chong)電(dian)時一(yi)定要注(zhu)意極(ji)性(xing)，切(qie)不(bu)可極(ji)性(xing)充(chong)反(fan)。