婺州蜜梨(li)翠(cui)(cui)冠梨(li)果形圓整、果點較小、松脆多汁、味(wei)甜爽口。翠(cui)(cui)玉梨(li)果皮光滑、色澤均(jun)勻、果肉潔白(bai)、肉質(zhi)細嫩。
金(jin)東(dong)(dong)區地勢(shi)南北(bei)高,中部低,以(yi)丘陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)地為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。北(bei)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)華山(shan)山(shan)脈(mo),海拔(ba)在500米(mi)~900米(mi)之間(jian),往南逐漸緩降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)低崗(gang)淺(qian)(qian)丘。南部為(wei)(wei)(wei)仙霞嶺余脈(mo)所(suo)延(yan)伸(shen),為(wei)(wei)(wei)低山(shan)淺(qian)(qian)丘與溪谷平原相間(jian)地形。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)保護區多(duo)丘陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)地,受光面(mian)(mian)積(ji)大,通風透光,土(tu)壤排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通氣良(liang)好。促(cu)使梨(li)樹(shu)生長健壯,花芽分(fen)化(hua)好,樹(shu)體壽命長。金(jin)東(dong)(dong)區屬(shu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣候,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)17℃左(zuo)右(you),1月(yue)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)4.8 ℃左(zuo)右(you),7月(yue)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)29℃,形成(cheng)(cheng)冬(dong)夏長、春秋短,四(si)季分(fen)明的(de)(de)(de)特點。無霜期250天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)。年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量在1300mm~1400mm之間(jian)。年(nian)(nian)內變化(hua)季節(jie)分(fen)配(pei)不(bu)均(jun)勻,3月(yue)~6月(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)雨(yu)期,雨(yu)量占全年(nian)(nian)50%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),其中5月(yue)~6月(yue)份(fen)梅雨(yu)季節(jie),常出現大面(mian)(mian)積(ji)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui);6月(yue)~8月(yue)以(yi)晴熱(re)天(tian)氣為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),11月(yue)中、下(xia)旬平均(jun)氣溫(wen)下(xia)降(jiang)至14℃,開始落葉進入(ru)休眠越冬(dong)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)喜光,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照時數(shu)2028小時,為(wei)(wei)(wei)全省(sheng)日(ri)照時數(shu)最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)地區之一(yi),隨(sui)著光照強(qiang)度增加(jia),光合(he)作用增強(qiang),光合(he)產物也多(duo),這一(yi)氣候條件有(you)利(li)增加(jia)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)甜度,是砂梨(li)品系產區中成(cheng)(cheng)熟較(jiao)早的(de)(de)(de)產區之一(yi)。成(cheng)(cheng)熟期間(jian)晝夜溫(wen)差大于160以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),有(you)利(li)于養分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)轉化(hua)和糖(tang)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累,提(ti)高蜜(mi)梨(li)可溶性固形物含量。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)保護種植區域屬(shu)錢(qian)塘江(jiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,義烏(wu)江(jiang)與武義江(jiang)會合(he)后流入(ru)婺(wu)(wu)江(jiang),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)河流水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均(jun)達到(dao)三類及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)。同(tong)時金(jin)東(dong)(dong)區域內有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)67座,蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總庫(ku)容量達7871萬立(li)方米(mi)。灌(guan)溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源清(qing)澈、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)味(wei)甘(gan)甜,有(you)利(li)于婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)品質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升。保護區基(ji)地大多(duo)建(jian)在義烏(wu)江(jiang)和武義江(jiang)沿線形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)沖積(ji)壤土(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),土(tu)壤肥(fei)沃、土(tu)質(zhi)疏松、全鉀(jia)含量高,土(tu)壤微(wei)酸性,PH值以(yi)5.5~6.5為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),特別適宜婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)生長。
婺州蜜梨保護區域(yu)范圍為(wei):金華市金東(dong)區所(suo)轄多湖街(jie)道(dao)、江東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺(ling)下鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、澧浦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、塘雅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、孝(xiao)順(shun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、付(fu)村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、源(yuan)東(dong)鄉(xiang),共計8個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(街(jie)道(dao)),北至源(yuan)東(dong)鄉(xiang)丁陽嶺(ling)村(cun)(cun),東(dong)至孝(xiao)順(shun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)低(di)田村(cun)(cun),南至江東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)焦巖村(cun)(cun),西至多湖街(jie)道(dao)王宅村(cun)(cun)等(deng)68個行政村(cun)(cun)。地理(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)119°89′29″~119°56′29″,北緯29°00′07″~29°32′12″。
翠冠梨果(guo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)圓(yuan)整、果(guo)點較小、松脆多(duo)汁(zhi)、味甜爽口。翠玉(yu)梨果(guo)皮光(guang)滑(hua)、色(se)澤(ze)均勻、果(guo)肉(rou)潔(jie)白(bai)、肉(rou)質細嫩。翠冠梨 硬度≥4.0kg/cm2,可(ke)溶性固形(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)≥10.5%,可(ke)滴定酸≤0.2%。硬度≥4.0kg/cm2,可(ke)溶性固形(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)≥10.5%,可(ke)滴定酸≤0.2%。符合國家農業(ye)行業(ye)標(biao)準規定的(de)有(you)關要(yao)求。
園地選擇選擇光(guang)照條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)好(hao),山地坡(po)度25度以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),土層(ceng)深(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃,土質(zhi)(zhi)通透(tou)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)坡(po),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)交通便利、排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)地。翠(cui)冠(guan)、翠(cui)玉等(deng)(deng)優(you)良品種(zhong),適合(he)(he)(he)本地栽培(pei)、抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)能(neng)力(li)強(qiang)、品質(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)、豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)。挑選品種(zhong)純正、根系發(fa)達(da)、粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)、無(wu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)苗(miao)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)到(dao)(dao)次年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是種(zhong)植(zhi)梨(li)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)。緩(huan)坡(po)地行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m~5m,株(zhu)距(ju)2m~3m;平(ping)(ping)地行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m~5m,株(zhu)距(ju)3m~4m。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)穴長(chang)(chang)(chang)寬深(shen)為(wei)80cm×80cm×60cm,砂土瘠薄地適當(dang)加(jia)大(da)。每(mei)穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(腐熟廄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))50kg作(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)穴上挖個小(xiao)(xiao)穴,把苗(miao)木放(fang)在(zai)(zai)穴內(nei),理(li)直(zhi)根系,加(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃細(xi)土,用(yong)(yong)手輕輕提(ti)苗(miao)、踏實(shi)、培(pei)土,做到(dao)(dao)淺種(zhong),苗(miao)木嫁接(jie)口(kou)(kou)露出土面(mian)。授(shou)粉品種(zhong)與主(zhu)栽品種(zhong)種(zhong)植(zhi)比例為(wei)1:4,南北向分(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)植(zhi),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)干高度30cm~50cm。以(yi)(yi)(yi)培(pei)養三(san)大(da)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)為(wei)主(zhu),即在(zai)(zai)新(xin)梢長(chang)(chang)(chang)50cm~60cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)選定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)3個或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)個方位合(he)(he)(he)理(li),分(fen)(fen)(fen)布均勻(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)梢進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)摘心(xin)(xin)(xin),其余疏(shu)(shu)刪。修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)則(ze):大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少而(er)精,小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)而(er)勻(yun)(yun),去(qu)(qu)直(zhi)留(liu)(liu)斜。修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)方法(fa):大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要去(qu)(qu)強(qiang)留(liu)(liu)弱,緩(huan)放(fang)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)從基(ji)部除(chu)(chu)去(qu)(qu);中(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要縮剪(jian)(jian)(jian)先端強(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),疏(shu)(shu)刪后(hou)(hou)(hou)部細(xi)弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要注意(yi)更新(xin)復壯(zhuang)(zhuang),多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu)更新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)新(xin)梢。休眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(冬(dong)(dong)季修剪(jian)(jian)(jian))在(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落葉(xie)到(dao)(dao)翌年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底前(qian)(qian)均可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(夏季修剪(jian)(jian)(jian))抹(mo)芽:抹(mo)除(chu)(chu)樹(shu)冠(guan)內(nei)容易形(xing)成(cheng)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背上壯(zhuang)(zhuang)芽,剪(jian)(jian)(jian)口(kou)(kou)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)芽及延長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)芽、三(san)芽。摘心(xin)(xin)(xin):新(xin)梢長(chang)(chang)(chang)20cm~30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)(chu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條頂端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩梢,再次抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺梢需(xu)不斷(duan)摘心(xin)(xin)(xin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)扭梢。扭梢:5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)新(xin)梢長(chang)(chang)(chang)15cm~20cm半木質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),將(jiang)直(zhi)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扭曲呈下(xia)(xia)垂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間(jian)(jian)對(dui)角(jiao)度小(xiao)(xiao)、過于直(zhi)立、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)大(da)型枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、壓(ya)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)墜枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。結合(he)(he)(he)冬(dong)(dong)季修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)花(hua)芽,在(zai)(zai)現蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)序(xu),根據(ju)需(xu)要每(mei)隔5cm~10cm留(liu)(liu)1個花(hua)序(xu),其余一(yi)(yi)律疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)。授(shou)粉條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個花(hua)序(xu)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)半左右(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊花(hua)蕾(lei),疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)蕾(lei)。疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率高年份早疏(shu)(shu),否則(ze)晚疏(shu)(shu)。根據(ju)樹(shu)齡(ling)、樹(shu)勢、土肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)來(lai)預估(gu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang),一(yi)(yi)般每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)控制在(zai)(zai)22500kg左右(you)(you),土壤條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)好(hao)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)充足(zu)、樹(shu)勢強(qiang)健、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu),否則(ze)少留(liu)(liu)。套(tao)袋(dai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian):在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)袋(dai)種(zhong)類:根據(ju)不同品種(zhong)要求,選用(yong)(yong)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)雙(shuang)層(ceng)紙袋(dai)、單(dan)層(ceng)紙袋(dai)和(he)塑膜袋(dai)等(deng)(deng)。省(sheng)力(li)化(hua)(hua)栽培(pei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不套(tao)袋(dai)。結合(he)(he)(he)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)園翻耕,一(yi)(yi)般靠近主(zhu)干處淺,株(zhu)間(jian)(jian)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)深(shen),耕作(zuo)(zuo)深(shen)度在(zai)(zai)20cm~40cm左右(you)(you),2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)耕,夏秋(qiu)旱季淺耕細(xi)作(zuo)(zuo)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)套(tao)種(zhong)豆類、綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)。成(cheng)年樹(shu)全(quan)園清(qing)耕法(fa)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草法(fa)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模式相結合(he)(he)(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)(shi)(shi)入,以(yi)(yi)(yi)商品有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),施(shi)(shi)(shi)入挖好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)30cm~40cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)射溝或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)環狀溝中(zhong)(zhong),施(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)覆土。壯(zhuang)(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N:P:K=15:15:15)420kg,硫酸鉀(jia)110kg。一(yi)(yi)周后(hou)(hou)(hou)再施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)周內(nei),每(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素150kg。根外追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)結合(he)(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi),特別在(zai)(zai)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)恢復期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)2次~3次,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料用(yong)(yong)有機(ji)液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、微量(liang)元素,速(su)(su)效(xiao)氮、磷、鉀(jia)等(deng)(deng)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):當(dang)梨(li)樹(shu)發(fa)芽前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)(yu)達(da)15天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)梢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)(yu)10天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)迅速(su)(su)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)(yu)達(da)7天(tian)(tian)~10天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即應及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉方法(fa):有條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡可(ke)能(neng)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取噴(pen)滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan),也可(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)溝灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、澆(jiao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui):地勢低洼、易積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)園,還須建立排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統,確(que)保(bao)降雨(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)30cm左右(you)(you)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝中(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)隔夜(ye)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),避免(mian)澇(lao)漬(zi)害。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)則(ze)按(an)照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)、綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針,以(yi)(yi)(yi)農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)基(ji)礎,增強(qiang)樹(shu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)逆能(neng)力(li);根據(ju)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律,因時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、因地制宜合(he)(he)(he)理(li)運用(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)機(ji)械防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi),經濟、安全(quan)、有效(xiao)地控制病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)格執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)家規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)檢(jian)疫(yi)制度,防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)檢(jian)疫(yi)性(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)蔓延、傳播。農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):合(he)(he)(he)理(li)修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)為(wei)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、落葉(xie),做好(hao)冬(dong)(dong)季清(qing)園工作(zuo)(zuo),減少病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)源。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):保(bao)護和(he)利用(yong)(yong)天(tian)(tian)敵(di),釋放(fang)寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)捕食性(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)敵(di),發(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):利用(yong)(yong)害蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨光(guang)性(xing)(xing)及對(dui)某些物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨性(xing)(xing)誘(you)殺,在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),田間(jian)(jian)掛(gua)誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)燈或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)誘(you)劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)誘(you)殺。化(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):優(you)先選用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)源、礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)源農藥。注意(yi)噴(pen)藥質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),減少噴(pen)藥次數(shu)(shu)。嚴(yan)(yan)禁使用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高毒(du)、高殘留(liu)(liu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)具有“三(san)致(zhi)(zhi)”(致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)突變)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥及各種(zhong)遺傳工程(cheng)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)制劑(ji)。必須嚴(yan)(yan)格國(guo)家綠色(se)食品A級標(biao)準(zhun)嚴(yan)(yan)格控制農藥用(yong)(yong)量(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)濃度、使用(yong)(yong)次數(shu)(shu)及最后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)次施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥距(ju)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)級、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)、運輸(shu)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟后(hou)(hou)(hou)適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組織人(ren)員分(fen)(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)應盡快(kuai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)級,先剔(ti)除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(未發(fa)育完全(quan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo))、機(ji)械傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)不符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi),按(an)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)級。包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)盒(he)上準(zhun)確(que)標(biao)明產(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱(cheng)、數(shu)(shu)量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)單(dan)位、執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)代號和(he)儲運注意(yi)事(shi)項(xiang)等(deng)(deng)內(nei)容。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品應大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)、排(pai)列(lie)整齊(qi)。貯藏(zang)與運輸(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)冷鏈貯藏(zang)與運輸(shu)。