芒果视频

基本介紹

婺州蜜梨翠冠(guan)梨果形圓(yuan)整(zheng)、果點較小、松脆(cui)多汁、味甜爽口。翠玉(yu)梨果皮光(guang)滑、色(se)澤均勻、果肉潔白、肉質細嫩。

金(jin)(jin)東(dong)區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)勢(shi)南北高，中部低(di)，以(yi)丘陵山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。北部為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈，海(hai)拔在500米～900米之(zhi)間(jian)，往(wang)南逐(zhu)漸緩降為(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)崗淺丘。南部為(wei)(wei)(wei)仙霞(xia)嶺余(yu)脈所延伸，為(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)山(shan)(shan)淺丘與溪谷(gu)平(ping)(ping)原相(xiang)間(jian)地(di)(di)形(xing)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)多丘陵山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)，受光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)積(ji)大，通風透光(guang)(guang)(guang)，土壤排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通氣(qi)(qi)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)。促使梨樹生(sheng)長健壯(zhuang)，花芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua)好(hao)，樹體壽命(ming)長。金(jin)(jin)東(dong)區(qu)(qu)屬亞熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候，年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)17℃左右(you)，1月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4.8 ℃左右(you)，7月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)29℃，形(xing)成(cheng)冬(dong)夏長、春秋(qiu)短，四季分(fen)明的(de)(de)特點。無霜期250天(tian)左右(you)。年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量在1300mm～1400mm之(zhi)間(jian)。年內變化(hua)季節(jie)分(fen)配不均(jun)(jun)勻，3月～6月為(wei)(wei)(wei)多雨(yu)(yu)期，雨(yu)(yu)量占全(quan)(quan)年50%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，其中5月～6月份(fen)梅雨(yu)(yu)季節(jie)，常出現(xian)大面(mian)積(ji)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；6月～8月以(yi)晴(qing)熱(re)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，11月中、下旬平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下降至14℃，開始落(luo)葉進入休眠越冬(dong)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨喜光(guang)(guang)(guang)，年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數2028小時(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)省日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數最多的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一，隨著(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)強(qiang)(qiang)度增(zeng)加(jia)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)作用增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)產(chan)物也多，這一氣(qi)(qi)候條件(jian)有(you)(you)利增(zeng)加(jia)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨甜(tian)度，是砂梨品(pin)系產(chan)區(qu)(qu)中成(cheng)熟(shu)較早的(de)(de)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一。成(cheng)熟(shu)期間(jian)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大于160以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，有(you)(you)利于養分(fen)的(de)(de)轉化(hua)和糖分(fen)的(de)(de)積(ji)累(lei)，提高蜜(mi)(mi)梨可溶性(xing)固形(xing)物含(han)量。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨保(bao)護(hu)種植區(qu)(qu)域屬錢塘(tang)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，義(yi)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)與武(wu)義(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)會合(he)后流(liu)入婺(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)，主(zhu)要河流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質均(jun)(jun)達到三(san)類及以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質。同時(shi)金(jin)(jin)東(dong)區(qu)(qu)域內有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)67座，蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)庫(ku)容量達7871萬立方米。灌溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源清澈、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質良(liang)(liang)好(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)味甘甜(tian)，有(you)(you)利于婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨品(pin)質的(de)(de)提升(sheng)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)基地(di)(di)大多建在義(yi)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)和武(wu)義(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)沿(yan)線形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)沖積(ji)壤土上(shang)(shang)(shang)，土壤肥沃、土質疏松、全(quan)(quan)鉀含(han)量高，土壤微酸性(xing)，PH值以(yi)5.5～6.5為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，特別(bie)適(shi)宜婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨生(sheng)長。

地域產地

婺州蜜梨保護(hu)區域范圍為：金華市金東(dong)區所(suo)轄(xia)多湖街道(dao)、江東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺(ling)(ling)下鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、澧浦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、塘雅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、孝順鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、付村(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、源東(dong)鄉，共(gong)計8個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（街道(dao)），北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)源東(dong)鄉丁陽嶺(ling)(ling)村(cun)，東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)孝順鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)低(di)田(tian)村(cun)，南至(zhi)(zhi)江東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)焦巖村(cun)，西至(zhi)(zhi)多湖街道(dao)王宅村(cun)等68個行政村(cun)。地理坐標為東(dong)經119°89′29″～119°56′29″,北(bei)緯(wei)29°00′07″～29°32′12″。

品質特點

翠(cui)冠梨果(guo)形圓整、果(guo)點較小、松脆多汁、味(wei)甜(tian)爽口。翠(cui)玉梨果(guo)皮光滑(hua)、色澤均勻、果(guo)肉(rou)潔白、肉(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)嫩。翠(cui)冠梨 硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可溶(rong)性固形物(wu)≥10.5％，可滴(di)定酸(suan)≤0.2％。硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可溶(rong)性固形物(wu)≥10.5％，可滴(di)定酸(suan)≤0.2％。符合國家農業(ye)行業(ye)標準(zhun)規(gui)定的有關要求。

生產情況

園(yuan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)光照(zhao)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，山(shan)地(di)坡度(du)25度(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)，土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo)，土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)通透性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)(huan)坡，或交通便(bian)利(li)、排灌(guan)(guan)(guan)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)地(di)。翠冠(guan)、翠玉等(deng)(deng)(deng)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，適(shi)合本地(di)栽(zai)培、抗(kang)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)能(neng)力強(qiang)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)。挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)純正、根(gen)(gen)(gen)系發(fa)達(da)、粗壯(zhuang)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨苗(miao)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)到(dao)次(ci)年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)梨苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)。緩(huan)(huan)坡地(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)4m～5m，株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)2m～3m；平(ping)(ping)地(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)4m～5m，株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)3m～4m。定(ding)植(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)寬深(shen)為(wei)80cm×80cm×60cm，砂土(tu)(tu)瘠薄地(di)適(shi)當(dang)(dang)加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)。每(mei)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)施(shi)(shi)有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（腐熟(shu)廄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)）50kg作基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。定(ding)植(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)上(shang)(shang)挖個小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)，把苗(miao)木(mu)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)，理直(zhi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系，加(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo)細土(tu)(tu)，用(yong)手輕輕提(ti)苗(miao)、踏實(shi)(shi)(shi)、培土(tu)(tu)，做(zuo)到(dao)淺(qian)種(zhong)，苗(miao)木(mu)嫁接口露出土(tu)(tu)面。授粉品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)與主(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)種(zhong)植(zhi)比例(li)為(wei)1：4，南(nan)北向分(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)植(zhi)，定(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)，定(ding)干高(gao)度(du)30cm～50cm。以(yi)(yi)(yi)培養三(san)大(da)(da)(da)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心形或多主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心形為(wei)主(zhu)，即在(zai)(zai)新(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)50cm～60cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)定(ding)3個或多個方(fang)位合理，分(fen)布均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)梢(shao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心，其余(yu)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原則(ze)：大(da)(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少而(er)精，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多而(er)勻(yun)，去(qu)(qu)直(zhi)留(liu)(liu)斜(xie)。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)：大(da)(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)(yao)去(qu)(qu)強(qiang)留(liu)(liu)弱(ruo)，緩(huan)(huan)放(fang)(fang)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可從基(ji)部除(chu)(chu)(chu)去(qu)(qu)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)(yao)縮(suo)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)先端強(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)部細弱(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)更新(xin)復壯(zhuang)，多留(liu)(liu)更新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健壯(zhuang)新(xin)梢(shao)。休(xiu)眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（冬季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)）在(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落葉到(dao)翌年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底(di)前均可進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（夏(xia)季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)）抹(mo)芽(ya)：抹(mo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)樹(shu)冠(guan)內(nei)容易(yi)形成(cheng)(cheng)徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背上(shang)(shang)壯(zhuang)芽(ya)，剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)口下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭芽(ya)及(ji)(ji)(ji)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙芽(ya)、三(san)芽(ya)。摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心：新(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)20cm～30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)頂(ding)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩(nen)梢(shao)，再次(ci)抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺梢(shao)需(xu)不斷摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心或扭梢(shao)。扭梢(shao)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)新(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)15cm～20cm半木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，將直(zhi)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扭曲呈下(xia)(xia)垂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間(jian)對角度(du)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、過(guo)于直(zhi)立、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)旺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或大(da)(da)(da)型枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、壓(ya)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或墜枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。結合冬季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)部分(fen)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)，在(zai)(zai)現蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)序，根(gen)(gen)(gen)據需(xu)要(yao)(yao)每(mei)隔5cm～10cm留(liu)(liu)1個花(hua)(hua)序，其余(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)。授粉條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個花(hua)(hua)序留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)半左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率高(gao)年(nian)份早疏(shu)(shu)(shu)，否則(ze)晚疏(shu)(shu)(shu)。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據樹(shu)齡(ling)、樹(shu)勢、土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)、管(guan)理水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)來預(yu)估產(chan)(chan)量(liang)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)公頃產(chan)(chan)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)22500kg左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，土(tu)(tu)壤條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)充足、樹(shu)勢強(qiang)健、管(guan)理水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多留(liu)(liu)，否則(ze)少留(liu)(liu)。套(tao)袋(dai)(dai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)：在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)袋(dai)(dai)種(zhong)類：根(gen)(gen)(gen)據不同品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)要(yao)(yao)求，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)雙層紙(zhi)袋(dai)(dai)、單層紙(zhi)袋(dai)(dai)和(he)(he)塑膜(mo)袋(dai)(dai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。省力化(hua)(hua)栽(zai)培果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)不套(tao)袋(dai)(dai)。結合秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全園(yuan)翻耕，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)靠近主(zhu)干處(chu)淺(qian)，株(zhu)間(jian)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)深(shen)，耕作深(shen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)20cm～40cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕，夏(xia)秋(qiu)旱季淺(qian)耕細作。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)套(tao)種(zhong)豆類、綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)樹(shu)全園(yuan)清(qing)耕法(fa)(fa)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)法(fa)(fa)管(guan)理模式相結合。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)(shi)入，以(yi)(yi)(yi)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)入挖好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)30cm～40cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)射溝或環狀溝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)。壯(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)每(mei)公頃施(shi)(shi)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（N：P：K＝15：15：15）420kg，硫(liu)酸鉀110kg。一(yi)(yi)(yi)周后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)周內(nei)，每(mei)公頃施(shi)(shi)尿素150kg。根(gen)(gen)(gen)外追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)結合病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉面噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)，特別(bie)在(zai)(zai)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)恢(hui)復期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)2次(ci)～3次(ci)，肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料用(yong)有機(ji)(ji)液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、微量(liang)元素，速(su)效氮、磷、鉀等(deng)(deng)(deng)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：當(dang)(dang)梨樹(shu)發(fa)芽(ya)前后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)續(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)雨達(da)15天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)梢(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)續(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)雨10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)迅速(su)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)續(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)雨達(da)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)～10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即應(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉方(fang)法(fa)(fa)：有條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)可能(neng)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取噴(pen)滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)，也(ye)可采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)溝灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、澆(jiao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。排水(shui)(shui)：地(di)勢低洼(wa)、易(yi)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)或地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)位較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨園(yuan)，還(huan)須建立排水(shui)(shui)系統，確(que)保(bao)(bao)降雨后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)30cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)溝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)隔夜積(ji)水(shui)(shui),避免(mian)澇漬害。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)原則(ze)按照(zhao)“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)、綜合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針，以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)基(ji)礎，增強(qiang)樹(shu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)逆能(neng)力；根(gen)(gen)(gen)據病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律(lv)，因(yin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)合理運(yun)用(yong)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)理機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)，經濟、安全、有效地(di)控(kong)制(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)家規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi)制(zhi)度(du)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi)性(xing)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)蔓延、傳播。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：合理修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)為(wei)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、落葉，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)冬季清(qing)園(yuan)工作，減少病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)源。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：保(bao)(bao)護和(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)敵(di)，釋放(fang)(fang)寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)捕(bu)食性(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)敵(di)，發(fa)揮(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)作用(yong)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：利(li)用(yong)害蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨光性(xing)及(ji)(ji)(ji)對某些物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨性(xing)誘殺，在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，田間(jian)掛誘蟲(chong)(chong)燈或性(xing)誘劑等(deng)(deng)(deng)誘殺。化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：優(you)先選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)源、礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)。注(zhu)意(yi)噴(pen)藥(yao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，減少噴(pen)藥(yao)次(ci)數。嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)劇毒(du)、高(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)或具有“三(san)致(zhi)”（致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)突(tu)變(bian)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)各種(zhong)遺傳工程微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)制(zhi)劑。必(bi)須嚴(yan)格(ge)國(guo)家綠(lv)(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)A級標準嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)農(nong)藥(yao)用(yong)量(liang)、使用(yong)濃(nong)度(du)、使用(yong)次(ci)數及(ji)(ji)(ji)最后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)距(ju)(ju)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)、分(fen)級、包(bao)裝(zhuang)、運(yun)輸、采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)織人員分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)應(ying)盡(jin)快進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)級，先剔除(chu)(chu)(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)（未(wei)發(fa)育(yu)完全果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)）、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)不符(fu)合衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)，按大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)級。包(bao)裝(zhuang)盒上(shang)(shang)準確(que)標明(ming)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱、數量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)地(di)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單位、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標準代號和(he)(he)儲運(yun)注(zhu)意(yi)事(shi)項等(deng)(deng)(deng)內(nei)容。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)應(ying)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)、排列整齊。貯藏(zang)與運(yun)輸采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)冷鏈貯藏(zang)與運(yun)輸。