一.產品介紹
連(lian)州(zhou)歷(li)(li)(li)來(lai)是廣東省蔬菜(cai)(cai)生產重地,蔬菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植享有盛(sheng)名,其(qi)中(zhong)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)是連(lian)州(zhou)蔬菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)“名品”,連(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)有著上千年(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)(li)史,早在公元(yuan)608年(nian)(nian)前,連(lian)州(zhou)龍口村的(de)(de)農戶就有種(zhong)植菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)習(xi)慣,從那以后(hou)從未間斷,距今已有1600多年(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)(li)史。上世紀70年(nian)(nian)代連(lian)州(zhou)出土(tu)的(de)(de)晉代“牛耕(geng)犁耙田(tian)模(mo)型(xing)”陶器,說明西晉時(shi)(shi)連(lian)州(zhou)的(de)(de)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)技術在當時(shi)(shi)全國(guo)稻作(zuo)(zuo)地區中(zhong)處于(yu)領(ling)先地位。在連(lian)州(zhou)民間流傳(chuan)著一(yi)(yi)個悲(bei)壯神奇(qi)的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)傳(chuan)說故(gu)事----《邵廷(ting)絹菜(cai)(cai)為營退宋(song)(song)兵》。傳(chuan)說,大寶十三年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)970)九(jiu)月,雄踞(ju)北(bei)方的(de)(de)宋(song)(song)朝(chao)派遣潘(pan)美為帥,攻打(da)嶺南(nan)(nan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)漢(han)王(wang)朝(chao),南(nan)(nan)漢(han)皇帝劉鋹(chang)(chang)請(qing)邵廷(ting)絹出山(shan)破敵。邵廷(ting)絹領(ling)命,讓家鄉父老兄(xiong)弟種(zhong)白菜(cai)(cai)。白菜(cai)(cai)長(chang)(chang)出菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)后(hou),邵廷(ting)絹作(zuo)(zuo)法用菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)布陣作(zuo)(zuo)營嚇退了(le)(le)宋(song)(song)軍(jun)。宋(song)(song)軍(jun)打(da)了(le)(le)敗戰后(hou),設計讓劉鋹(chang)(chang)將邵廷(ting)絹賜(si)死(si)。邵廷(ting)絹一(yi)(yi)死(si),關前的(de)(de)巨木柵欄和(he)兵士們都變(bian)成(cheng)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。宋(song)(song)軍(jun)很快(kuai)就將南(nan)(nan)漢(han)滅掉(diao)了(le)(le)。 隨后(hou),潘(pan)美命軍(jun)士將數百畝菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)全部斬(zhan)掉(diao),吃了(le)(le)以泄(xie)心(xin)(xin)(xin)頭(tou)之氣。誰知白菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)被斬(zhan)之后(hou),第(di)二天又(you)長(chang)(chang)出來(lai)了(le)(le),一(yi)(yi)連(lian)數次,越(yue)長(chang)(chang)越(yue)旺。潘(pan)美和(he)宋(song)(song)兵吃了(le)(le)幾(ji)頓白菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)后(hou),覺得(de)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)甜爽(shuang)可口,覺得(de)每(mei)餐都離不開(kai)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)了(le)(le)。連(lian)州(zhou)的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)美味從此傳(chuan)播(bo)開(kai)來(lai),種(zhong)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)又(you)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
(1)土壤地(di)貌(mao)情況:地(di)處五嶺(ling)中之(zhi)萌渚嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)麓,境內崇山(shan)峻嶺(ling),主(zhu)要(yao)是丘陵盆地(di),丘陵崗巒星羅棋布。主(zhu)要(yao)山(shan)脈(mo)有綿延豐陽(yang)、瑤安(an)(an)一帶的(de)簸箕山(shan)脈(mo),主(zhu)峰天(tian)(tian)(tian)堂嶺(ling),海(hai)拔(ba)1712米(mi),為本(ben)市(shi)最高峰,位于瑤安(an)(an)與湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省蘭山(shan)縣交(jiao)界處;橫跨東部(bu)(bu)潭嶺(ling)、朝天(tian)(tian)(tian)、西(xi)江一帶之(zhi)大東山(shan)脈(mo),主(zhu)峰巖坑(keng)山(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)1604米(mi),為本(ben)市(shi)次(ci)高峰,位于朝天(tian)(tian)(tian)與陽(yang)山(shan)交(jiao)界處;其余(yu)山(shan)嶺(ling)多在(zai)1000米(mi)以下。山(shan)地(di)占全市(shi)總面積的(de)72.2%,丘陵占15.9%。本(ben)市(shi)地(di)形,因(yin)東面有大東山(shan)脈(mo),由東北(bei)向西(xi)南(nan)(nan);西(xi)部(bu)(bu)有大龍(long)山(shan)脈(mo),由西(xi)北(bei)向西(xi)南(nan)(nan);北(bei)部(bu)(bu)有簸箕山(shan)脈(mo),形成(cheng)西(xi)、北(bei)、東三面山(shan)地(di),中部(bu)(bu)稍低,均為丘陵地(di)帶。星子、大路邊、朝天(tian)(tian)(tian)、麻步等(deng)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)大部(bu)(bu)分地(di)區為小盆地(di);清(qing)水、豐陽(yang)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)、東陂北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為丘陵盆地(di);西(xi)岸、東陂兩鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)河(he)流兩岸為河(he)谷盆地(di);保安(an)(an)、附城及九陂等(deng)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)部(bu)(bu)分地(di)區為連(lian)州丘陵盆地(di)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況:主(zhu)要河流(liu)有(you)星子河,發源(yuan)(yuan)于大東(dong)山脈(mo),它是(shi)珠江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域北江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系的(de)主(zhu)要支流(liu),發源(yuan)(yuan)地近處建有(you)一個(ge)大型的(de)潭嶺(ling)水(shui)(shui)庫。保(bao)安(an)河、東(dong)陂河發源(yuan)(yuan)于北部的(de)簸箕山脈(mo),還有(you)連南瑤族自治縣的(de)三江(jiang)(jiang)河,流(liu)經本(ben)市附城(cheng)鎮大墩(dun)村附近匯入(ru)連江(jiang)(jiang)。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)連州市位(wei)于(yu)廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)西(xi)北(bei)部,地處五嶺(ling)中之(zhi)萌渚嶺(ling)南麓(lu),主要是丘陵盆地,北(bei)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)支流(liu)連江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上游。東(dong)北(bei)與湖(hu)南省(sheng)(sheng)宜章縣(xian)(xian)相接,東(dong)南與陽山縣(xian)(xian)交(jiao)界,西(xi)南和連南縣(xian)(xian)為鄰,西(xi)北(bei)與湖(hu)南藍山縣(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)化縣(xian)(xian)接壤,北(bei)面同湖(hu)南省(sheng)(sheng)臨武縣(xian)(xian)相連。地域保(bao)護區位(wei)于(yu)在東(dong)經(jing)112°7′ ~112°48′ ,北(bei)緯在24°37′~25°12′之(zhi)間(jian),保(bao)護區域包括連州市的大(da)路(lu)邊、星子(zi)、龍坪、西(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、九陂、連州、西(xi)岸、東(dong)陂、豐陽、保(bao)安、瑤安、三水等12個鄉鎮(zhen)。生(sheng)產面積12萬畝,產量可(ke)達17萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
(1)外在感官特(te)征:連州(zhou)菜(cai)心(xin)須根多(duo),根系淺;植株(zhu)直(zhi)立(li)或半立(li),莖短(duan)縮;一般(ban)株(zhu)體高50-70cm,直(zhi)徑2-3cm,可食用(yong)部分25-30cm,重200g;基葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)開展或斜立(li),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片較一般(ban)菜(cai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)細小(xiao),呈卵形(xing)或橢圓(yuan)形(xing),綠色或黃綠色,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)緣波(bo)狀,基部有(you)裂片或無,或葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)翼延伸;葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)脈(mo)明顯,具狹長(chang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)。花(hua)(hua)薹(tai)(tai)綠色,薹(tai)(tai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)呈卵形(xing)以至披針形(xing);短(duan)柄(bing)或無柄(bing)。花(hua)(hua)薹(tai)(tai)為主要食用(yong)部分,品(pin)質柔嫩,風味別致。菜(cai)心(xin)多(duo)數(shu)只(zhi)采主薹(tai)(tai),側薹(tai)(tai)萌發少。
(2)內在品質指標(biao):連州菜心營養價值(zhi)很(hen)高(gao),其中鋅(xin)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥3.1mg/Kg、鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.42mg/100g、錳含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.15mg/100g、鈣含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥47.40mg/100g、磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥25mg/100g、蛋(dan)白(bai)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥1.7%、粗纖維含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.9%、水分(fen)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥93.1%和灰分(fen)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.87g/100g。具有補氣養腎(shen)、健脾胃之功效(xiao),既是(shi)制(zhi)作飲(yin)食點心、佳肴的上(shang)乘原料,又是(shi)滋補身體的營養佳品。
(3)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)要求(qiu)(qiu):連州菜心生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)以《食(shi)品安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法》、《農(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法》等法律法規為導向(xiang),做(zuo)好收獲前的農(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監測(ce)工作,農(nong)藥、肥料等投入品必須嚴格按照無公害、綠色食(shi)品生(sheng)產(chan)要求(qiu)(qiu)執(zhi)行,產(chan)品質(zhi)量必須符合綠色食(shi)品要求(qiu)(qiu)。
五.特(te)定生產方式
(1)產(chan)地(di)選擇:選擇產(chan)地(di)附近要求無工業(ye)污染,區(qu)內及周圍無污染水(shui)(shui)源,無固(gu)體廢棄物等污染,地(di)勢平(ping)坦、排灌方便(bian),土(tu)(tu)壤耕(geng)層深厚、有機質豐富、疏(shu)松肥沃、結構和理(li)化(hua)性(xing)狀(zhuang)良(liang)好的土(tu)(tu)地(di),保(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥力強的以壤土(tu)(tu)、粘壤土(tu)(tu)及沙壤土(tu)(tu)為(wei)好,土(tu)(tu)壤PH值6.0—7.0為(wei)宜。種植環境(jing)必(bi)須符合《無公害蔬菜產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)要求》(NY 5010-2002)的要求。
(2)品種(zhong)選擇:根據連(lian)州菜心的風(feng)味特點,品質特征主要(yao)決定于當地獨(du)特的自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和(he)人工選育,總體(ti)質量選擇飽滿、無蟲口、色(se)澤好的種(zhong)子。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:屬亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu),光熱(re)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu),四季分明(ming)(ming),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),雨量充(chong)沛(pei),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)19.5℃,歷年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)為(wei)1713.7小(xiao)時(shi),多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨量為(wei)1572.8毫米(mi)。平(ping)均(jun)有(you)霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)數(shu)13.7天(tian)(tian)(tian),無霜(shuang)期為(wei)301.9天(tian)(tian)(tian),最(zui)長336天(tian)(tian)(tian),最(zui)短268天(tian)(tian)(tian),80%保證率的(de)無霜(shuang)期達275天(tian)(tian)(tian);域內山地比平(ping)原(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)、水熱(re)時(shi)空分布不(bu)均(jun),形成明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)山區(qu)立體(ti)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),風(feng)力(li)小(xiao)、日(ri)(ri)夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)日(ri)(ri)較(jiao)差(cha)9.8℃,光、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、水條件能較(jiao)好地滿(man)足農作(zuo)物生(sheng)長的(de)需要(yao),作(zuo)物生(sheng)長季節(jie)長,具(ju)有(you)發展農業生(sheng)產的(de)有(you)利條件。
(4)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理(li):連(lian)州菜心生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程必須嚴格按照(zhao)《連(lian)州菜心生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規程》操作。在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中需(xu)要(yao)肥(fei)料(liao)、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)投(tou)入品(pin)要(yao)求來源可靠的(de)。 病蟲害的(de)防治(zhi)按照(zhao)“預防為主,綜合(he)防治(zhi)”的(de)植保方針(zhen),堅持以(yi)“農(nong)(nong)業防治(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)防治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防治(zhi)為主,化學防治(zhi)為輔”的(de)無(wu)害化治(zhi)理(li)原(yuan)則。 嚴格執行(xing)國家有(you)關(guan)規定(ding),禁(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高度(du)、高殘留(liu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)應符合(he)GB 4285和GB/T 8321的(de)規定(ding)。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)交替使用(yong)(yong)(yong),嚴格按照(zhao)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安全(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)。 產(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲的(de)規定(ding):在農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安全(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)后(hou)適時采收,采收所用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具要(yao)清潔、衛生(sheng)(sheng)、無(wu)污染。 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求:如(ru)實記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)農(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)的(de)名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)、停(ting)用(yong)(yong)(yong)日期(qi)、收獲日期(qi)、質量檢測情(qing)況(kuang)、銷(xiao)售情(qing)況(kuang)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)等(deng)。建立生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)檔案,以(yi)備查(cha)閱。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定
產品(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上標(biao)有“連(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)心”、“榮獲廣(guang)東省無公(gong)害農(nong)產品(pin)認(ren)證”和農(nong)產品(pin)地理標(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)識字(zi)樣(yang)和標(biao)志圖(tu)案,必(bi)須字(zi)跡清晰,容(rong)易辨認(ren),連(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)心的生產經營(ying)者使(shi)用(yong)此(ci)包(bao)裝(zhuang)必(bi)須向連(lian)州(zhou)市農(nong)作物技術推廣(guang)站提出(chu)申請,申請通過后方可采用(yong)連(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)心農(nong)產品(pin)地理標(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)識字(zi)樣(yang)和標(biao)志圖(tu)案,并按照(zhao)要求規范生產和使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)志。