一.產品介紹
洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)位于湖(hu)北省(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)南部,江(jiang)(jiang)漢平原(yuan)東南端(duan),南臨(lin)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang),瀕臨(lin)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu),與三國(guo)(guo)古戰(zhan)場(chang)赤壁隔江(jiang)(jiang)相望,市(shi)(shi)治(zhi)新堤鎮(zhen)(zhen)東距省(sheng)(sheng)會武漢市(shi)(shi)175公里(li)(li),西距荊(jing)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)區(qu)201公里(li)(li)。全市(shi)(shi)轄(xia)20個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),3個(ge)農場(chang),總人(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)94萬,全市(shi)(shi)版土面積2519平方公里(li)(li)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)再(zai)生(sheng)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米優(you)質生(sheng)產基地,涵蓋了洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)市(shi)(shi)境內的(de)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)(yu)(yu),沿洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)周(zhou)邊,漢沙河流域(yu)(yu)(yu),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)排(pai)河流域(yu)(yu)(yu),內荊(jing)河流域(yu)(yu)(yu),東荊(jing)河流域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)沙口(kou)(kou)(kou)、汊(cha)河、新灘等(deng)14個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)70個(ge)村。現已(yi)建(jian)立綠(lv)色食品基地的(de)有(you)(you)沙口(kou)(kou)(kou)、汊(cha)河兩個(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),沙咀、龍甲(jia)、董口(kou)(kou)(kou)、新墩等(deng)10個(ge)村,基地面積3萬畝,網絡農戶(hu)1240人(ren),為農民增收1500萬元。種(zhong)植(zhi)基地土壤肥沃,光照充足(zu),雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,加(jia)之(zhi)有(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)得(de)天獨(du)厚的(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)態,是種(zhong)植(zhi)優(you)質稻(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)天然場(chang)所(suo),身臨(lin)其(qi)境,正(zheng)如洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)赤衛隊歌(ge)曲中(zhong)所(suo)唱的(de)一(yi)樣“處處野鴨和菱藕(ou),秋收滿畈稻(dao)(dao)(dao)谷(gu)香”。所(suo)孕(yun)育出來的(de)再(zai)生(sheng)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米在三國(guo)(guo)時就已(yi)享盛名,素有(you)(you)“稻(dao)(dao)(dao)耳米”之(zhi)稱。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)再(zai)生(sheng)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米外觀商品性好,米粒晶瑩(ying)透亮,細長(chang),均勻,無腹(fu)白,開鍋香噴噴,入口(kou)(kou)(kou)綿甜,香味濃郁,米飯松軟而不(bu)粘。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)再(zai)生(sheng)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米含膠(jiao)質多(duo),有(you)(you)豐富的(de)淀粉與植(zhi)物蛋白質,營(ying)養豐富。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)再(zai)生(sheng)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米因(yin)產于湖(hu)北省(sheng)(sheng)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)水(shui)鄉(xiang)而得(de)名。據老(lao)人(ren)傳說,百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)古時屬(shu)八百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)洞庭湖(hu)范圍,因(yin)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)形成后分離。每年6、7月份,長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游客水(shui)和洞庭湖(hu)水(shui)匯合(he)后形成洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng),順江(jiang)(jiang)而下,因(yin)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)堤小,難以抵(di)御大水(shui),形成潰口(kou)(kou)(kou)淹沒農田(tian);因(yin)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)原(yuan)屬(shu)沔(mian)陽(yang)(yang)州(zhou)管轄(xia),故民謠(yao)傳唱“沙湖(hu)沔(mian)陽(yang)(yang)州(zhou),十年九不(bu)收”。
二.自(zi)然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao):洪湖(hu)再(zai)生(sheng)稻(dao)米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區域(yu)(yu)位于江(jiang)漢平原腹(fu)地(di)四湖(hu)流域(yu)(yu)下游,內(nei)臨洪湖(hu)、南靠長江(jiang)、北依東荊(jing)河,境(jing)內(nei)河湖(hu)港汊眾(zhong)多(duo),溝渠縱橫,地(di)勢低洼,地(di)下水(shui)位高。地(di)貌(mao)類型(xing)比較單一(yi),主要(yao)是沖積、湖(hu)積平原。境(jing)內(nei)以水(shui)稻(dao)、水(shui)生(sheng)蔬菜種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)和(he)水(shui)產養殖(zhi)為主。生(sheng)產區域(yu)(yu)稻(dao)田(tian)多(duo)為潛育(yu)型(xing)和(he)沼澤(ze)型(xing)水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)剖面構型(xing)多(duo)呈(cheng)AG型(xing)和(he)APG型(xing),質地(di)偏粘,呈(cheng)中性—微(wei)堿性,PH值(zhi)6.8—7.5。因常(chang)年秸稈還田(tian)有(you)機質含(han)量較為豐(feng)富,平均(jun)含(han)26.5g/kg,理化(hua)性狀好(hao),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)硒元素含(han)量豐(feng)富,土(tu)(tu)地(di)肥(fei)沃,耕作性良好(hao),適宜種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)稻(dao)。
2、水(shui)(shui)文水(shui)(shui)利(li):洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區“四(si)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”(長湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、三湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、白露湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu))諸水(shui)(shui)匯歸(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),因而成為具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)南地(di)(di)理特征的水(shui)(shui)網地(di)(di)區,素有(you)(you)(you)(you)“百(bai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)”、“水(shui)(shui)鄉澤國”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱。主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)渠除南沿(yan)長江(jiang)(jiang)、北依東荊河(he)外,區 域(yu)內還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)內荊河(he)、“四(si)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”總(zong)干渠、洪(hong)排(pai)(pai)河(he)、南港河(he)、陶洪(hong)河(he)、中府河(he)、下(xia)新河(he)、蔡家河(he)、老閘河(he)等大小河(he)渠113條(tiao),總(zong)長度達900公里;千畝以上的湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、大沙(sha)(sha)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、大同湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、土(tu)地(di)(di)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、沙(sha)(sha)套湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、太(tai)馬湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、金灣湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、形斗湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等21個。洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)為19.10億立方米,占湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北省水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)總(zong)儲量19%,人均2528立方米。境內雨量充沛。由于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)環繞,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)多河(he)密,地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)極其豐富,為地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)提供了充足的補給來(lai)源(yuan)。洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區水(shui)(shui)面53萬畝,是目前全球水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良的大型淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一,是我國重要(yao)的濕地(di)(di)保護區,2006年(nian)獲“世(shi)界生(sheng)(sheng)命湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)最佳保護獎”。 洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)再生(sheng)(sheng)稻(dao)米生(sheng)(sheng)產區域(yu)稻(dao)田灌(guan)溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要(yao)來(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區域(yu)內的湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)和河(he)流(liu)。基(ji)地(di)(di)內水(shui)(shui)利(li)設施齊全完善,溝渠配套,有(you)(you)(you)(you)大小電排(pai)(pai)站115座,能排(pai)(pai)能灌(guan),排(pai)(pai)灌(guan)方便,有(you)(you)(you)(you)效灌(guan)溉面積達100%。
3、氣(qi)候(hou):洪湖(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)位于溫暖的(de)北亞熱(re)帶中緯度南緣,屬我(wo)國季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)較明(ming)顯的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),近地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)為(wei)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)環境所控制,所以北亞熱(re)帶濕潤季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)是洪湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)基本(ben)氣(qi)候(hou)特征。四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),冬季(ji)(ji)寒(han)冷(leng)干燥,盛行東(dong)北季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng);夏季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)候(hou)炎熱(re)多雨,多為(wei)東(dong)南季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)或西南季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)控制;而春、秋兩季(ji)(ji)為(wei)過渡季(ji)(ji)節,兩種(zhong)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)交替(ti)出現。受到季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)的(de)影響,該地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)7月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫28.9℃,比(bi)同(tong)(tong)緯度全(quan)球均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi)24.0℃高,1月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫3.8℃又比(bi)同(tong)(tong)緯度均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi)5.5℃低,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫16.6℃。由于受季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)的(de)影響,洪湖(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)具有光能充足,降水(shui)充沛,熱(re)量(liang)(liang)豐富,雨熱(re)同(tong)(tong)季(ji)(ji)的(de)特點。本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)年(nian)(nian)輻射總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)455.4每平方厘米(mi)焦耳,年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)1060.5-1331.1mm之間,且4-10月(yue)份總(zong)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)約占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)總(zong)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)77%,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1354mm;本(ben)區(qu)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)徑流(liu)深度為(wei)360mm,徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)37.35×108立方米(mi);現有湖(hu)(hu)泊可調蓄(xu)容量(liang)(liang)為(wei)4億立方米(mi)左右;年(nian)(nian)積溫≥10℃的(de)年(nian)(nian)活(huo)動積溫一般(ban)為(wei)5100-5300℃,其初日在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),終日在(zai)(zai)11月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日照時數1980—2032小時,無霜期長,一般(ban) 為(wei)250天(tian)以上(shang)。
4、環境:生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)區(qu)域無(wu)(wu)大型工礦(kuang)企業,無(wu)(wu)工業三廢污(wu)染。空氣(qi)清新,微粒懸浮量、二氧化(hua)硫含量、氮氧化(hua)合物含量都很低,符合CB3095-1996的一級(ji)標準;產(chan)地(di)環境質量符合NY∕5115-2008《無(wu)(wu)公害農產(chan)品大米標準要求》;灌溉用水(shui)主要取于洪湖及(ji)周(zhou)邊主要河流,水(shui)質優良,符合農田灌溉水(shui)質標準CB5084-1992。
三.地域范圍
洪(hong)(hong)湖再生稻(dao)米生產地域范圍(wei)為湖北省洪(hong)(hong)湖市(shi)所(suo)轄的沙口(kou)、汊(cha)河(he)、新灘(tan)、峰口(kou)、螺山、烏林、老(lao)灣、龍口(kou)、燕窩、黃家(jia)口(kou)、萬全、曹市(shi)、戴家(jia)場、瞿家(jia)灣等14個鄉鎮(zhen)。地理位置:東經113°07′-114°05′,北緯29°39′-30°02′。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外(wai)(wai)在(zai)感觀(guan)特征:洪(hong)湖再(zai)生稻米(mi)屬晚(wan)秈稻,外(wai)(wai)觀(guan)商品性好,米(mi)粒光澤潤滑、晶(jing)瑩透亮、細長、均(jun)勻(yun)、腹白(bai)少;米(mi)飯(fan)縱向(xiang)長度好、不(bu)開(kai)裂(lie),煮熟(shu)后松軟可口(kou),不(bu)粘結(jie),開(kai)鍋香噴噴,入(ru)口(kou)綿甜,清(qing)香可口(kou),食后余味無窮,冷飯(fan)不(bu)回生,口(kou)感好。享有當代“貢(gong)米(mi)”的美稱,深(shen)受(shou)消費者(zhe)青睞。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指(zhi)標:洪湖(hu)再(zai)(zai)生稻(dao)米(mi)營養價值較高,含(han)膠質(zhi)多,有豐富的(de)淀粉與(yu)植物蛋白質(zhi)。蛋白質(zhi)≧7.5%,膠稠度≧60mm,直鏈淀粉≧15-20%。3、質(zhi)量安全要求:洪湖(hu)再(zai)(zai)生稻(dao)米(mi)符合綠色食品(pin)要求,NY/T419-2007。