上海城隍(huang)廟坐落于上海老城廂最為繁(fan)華的(de)黃(huang)浦區豫(yu)園旅游區,是上海地區著名的(de)道(dao)教宮(gong)觀,始建于明代永樂年(nian)(nian)間(1403-1424),距今已(yi)有六百余(yu)年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)。由于上(shang)海(hai)城隍尊神在(zai)本地區(qu)的(de)(de)特殊地位,在(zai)六百年的(de)(de)發(fa)展歷(li)程中,上(shang)海(hai)城隍廟道(dao)觀(guan)的(de)(de)建設和(he)發(fa)展得到了明、清歷(li)任(ren)地方縣(xian)府的(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)和(he)上(shang)海(hai)地區(qu)百姓的(de)(de)熱心(xin)支持。
從(cong)明代永(yong)樂年間(jian)到清代道(dao)光年間(jian)(1821-1850)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)城隍廟的(de)(de)廟基不斷擴大,宮觀(guan)(guan)建筑不斷增(zeng)加,最(zui)為(wei)繁盛時期,總面(mian)積達到49.9畝土地,約三萬(wan)三千多(duo)平方米(mi)。作為(wei)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)地區重要的(de)(de)道(dao)教(jiao)宮觀(guan)(guan),1995年,隨著宗教(jiao)信仰自(zi)由政策的(de)(de)逐步落實,上(shang)海(hai)(hai)城隍廟得(de)到恢復,重新成為(wei)由正(zheng)一(yi)派道(dao)士(shi)管理的(de)(de)道(dao)教(jiao)宮觀(guan)(guan),完成了一(yi)期修復工程。
2006年,在市、區政府的關心下,在上海市豫園商城股份有限公司的支持下,上海城隍廟大殿前廂房的使用權得以歸還,完成了二期修復工程。2015 年,上海(hai)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)前(qian)庭兩側廂(xiang)房使(shi)用權收(shou)回,廟(miao)(miao)觀(guan)進行(xing)了(le)新一輪(lun)的(de)(de)修繕,廟(miao)(miao)觀(guan)布局基本(ben)完整(zheng),為完善功能,服務社會提供了(le)更廣闊的(de)(de)活動平臺。如今的(de)(de)上海(hai)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao),包括霍(huo)光殿(dian)、元辰殿(dian)、財神殿(dian)、慈航殿(dian)、三官(guan)殿(dian)、月老殿(dian)、城(cheng)隍(huang)殿(dian)、娘娘殿(dian)、父母殿(dian)、關(guan)圣(sheng)殿(dian)、文昌殿(dian)、祖(zu)師殿(dian)十(shi)二個殿(dian)堂,總面積(ji)約三千余平方米。
上海城(cheng)隍(huang)廟殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂建筑(zhu)屬(shu)南方大式建筑(zhu),紅(hong)墻泥(ni)瓦(wa),廟內(nei)主(zhu)體建筑(zhu)由廟前廣(guang)場、大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、元辰殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),財神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、慈航殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、城(cheng)隍(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、娘娘殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等組成。
儀門是(shi)過(guo)去官衙的(de)(de)(de)第二道正(zheng)門。儀門前(qian)面有二副(fu)對聯(lian)。一副(fu)對聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)聯(lian)是(shi):陽世(shi)(shi)之間積善(shan)作惡(e)皆由你;下(xia)聯(lian)是(shi):陰曹地(di)府古往今來放(fang)過(guo)誰。這副(fu)對聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)意思(si)就(jiu)是(shi),在(zai)陽世(shi)(shi),你生活中,做好事(shi)或者做壞(huai)事(shi),都是(shi)由你自己決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)。可(ke)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)死后到了陰間,地(di)獄的(de)(de)(de)官府從(cong)古到今,從(cong)來不(bu)會放(fang)過(guo)要(yao)懲罰的(de)(de)(de)壞(huai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。另一副(fu)對聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)聯(lian)是(shi):世(shi)(shi)事(shi)何(he)須(xu)多計(ji)較;下(xia)聯(lian)是(shi):神界自有大乘(cheng)除。這副(fu)對聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)意思(si)就(jiu)是(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)生在(zai)世(shi)(shi),碰到各種吃(chi)虧或沾便宜的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情,你不(bu)必多加計(ji)較。因為(wei),神靈對于人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)善(shan)良和罪惡(e)都會加以回報或清(qing)算的(de)(de)(de)。
在(zai)對聯的(de)后面掛著一(yi)只(zhi)很大的(de)算(suan)(suan)(suan)盤,算(suan)(suan)(suan)盤上刻著四個字“不(bu)由人(ren)算(suan)(suan)(suan)”,算(suan)(suan)(suan)盤上的(de)算(suan)(suan)(suan)珠(zhu)有(you)(you)上有(you)(you)下,象征神界(jie)(jie)正在(zai)進(jin)行“大乘除”。算(suan)(suan)(suan)盤的(de)旁(pang)邊(bian)立了二塊巨(ju)額。巨(ju)額上寫的(de)是:為(wei)善者昌,為(wei)惡者亡。意思是:做好事(shi)(shi)的(de)人(ren),在(zai)神界(jie)(jie)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)定會興旺發達;做壞事(shi)(shi)的(de)人(ren),在(zai)神界(jie)(jie)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)定會衰敗滅亡。城隍廟掛大算(suan)(suan)(suan)盤是有(you)(you)深(shen)刻含(han)義(yi)的(de)。它一(yi)方(fang)面告訴信眾,做人(ren)要(yao)(yao)淡泊(bo)名利(li),不(bu)要(yao)(yao)自私自利(li),不(bu)要(yao)(yao)斤(jin)斤(jin)計(ji)較。因為(wei),人(ren)有(you)(you)算(suan)(suan)(suan)計(ji),天有(you)(you)算(suan)(suan)(suan)計(ji),人(ren)算(suan)(suan)(suan)總不(bu)如天算(suan)(suan)(suan)。過分計(ji)較的(de)結果(guo)會自食其(qi)果(guo)。另一(yi)方(fang)面又是告示天下,天算(suan)(suan)(suan)就是天道(dao)(dao)(dao),天道(dao)(dao)(dao)自有(you)(you)規律,任(ren)何人(ren)只(zhi)有(you)(you)循(xun)天道(dao)(dao)(dao)而行才(cai)有(you)(you)善終(zhong),逆天道(dao)(dao)(dao)而行必然自取滅亡。
大殿正門上懸“城隍廟”匾(bian)額(e),并(bing)配以對(dui)聯“做個(ge)好(hao)人心正身安魂夢(meng)穩,行些善事天知地(di)鑒鬼神欽”。
大(da)殿內供奉金(jin)山神(shen)主漢代博陸(lu)侯(hou)霍光大(da)將軍坐(zuo)像,左首(shou)為(wei)(wei)文判(pan)官,右首(shou)為(wei)(wei)武(wu)判(pan)官,次(ci)為(wei)(wei)日巡與(yu)夜查(cha),日巡、夜查(cha)以下為(wei)(wei)八皂隸。
第(di)一對立柱(zhu)懸有對聯(lian)“威靈顯赫(he)護(hu)國安邦扶社(she)稷,圣道(dao)高明降施(shi)甘露救生民”以贊(zan)揚城隍神的(de)功(gong)績,上懸匾額“牧(mu)化黎民”。
第(di)二對(dui)立柱上懸“刻薄成(cheng)家難(nan)免(mian)子孫(sun)浪費,奸淫造(zao)孽焉能妻女清貞”的(de)對(dui)聯以警示世人。城隍廟大殿(dian)在(zai)明代永樂年(nian)間已經存在(zai),當時的(de)上海(hai)知(zhi)縣張守約將(jiang)供奉金山(shan)神主霍(huo)光的(de)金山(shan)行祠(ci)改建為上海(hai)城隍廟大殿(dian),殿(dian)內依舊供奉金山(shan)神主霍(huo)光。
1924年(nian)為(wei)火所焚,1926年(nian)開始重建,1927年(nian)完(wan)工(gong),大殿即(ji)是重建于1926年(nian)的城(cheng)隍廟大殿,為(wei)全部鋼筋水泥結(jie)構仿古(gu)大殿。
元辰(chen)殿:又(you)稱六十甲子殿。元,為“善”,元辰(chen),就是指(zhi)吉(ji)利時日(ri)的意思(si)。
元辰(chen)神靈是中國的(de)年(nian)歲神靈,與(yu)每一(yi)位中國人(ren)的(de)年(nian)運有關。
中(zhong)國古代子以天干地(di)支循環相配由甲子起(qi)至(zhi)癸亥結束,以六(liu)十為一周,故也稱六(liu)十甲子,后道教(jiao)以六(liu)十甲子配以神名,從而形成了道教(jiao)元辰信仰。因六(liu)十甲子神靈是星神,故也稱太(tai)歲神。
在民(min)間,指(zhi)人們把(ba)某年(nian)在六(liu)十元辰(chen)中(zhong)所對應的太(tai)歲(sui)神稱(cheng)為當年(nian)的值年(nian)太(tai)歲(sui),本人出(chu)生(sheng)之年(nian)的所對應的太(tai)歲(sui)神稱(cheng)為本命太(tai)歲(sui)。信徒禮拜本命太(tai)歲(sui),祈求年(nian)年(nian)平安,吉(ji)祥如意的儀式,就稱(cheng)為順星。
慈(ci)航殿:慈(ci)航殿內供奉(feng)慈(ci)航真人(主平安),又稱(cheng)慈(ci)航仙姑真人、也(ye)稱(cheng)慈(ci)航大士(shi)、圓通自在(zai)天尊,本是道教(jiao)女真神仙 農歷六月十八(ba)生(sheng)日。法寶(bao)為三寶(bao)玉如意(yi)、清凈琉(liu)璃瓶(ping)。
慈航大士(shi)垂(chui)慈施德,普(pu)濟世間苦難(nan)之(zhi)人(ren);左邊(bian)為眼(yan)(yan)光(guang)娘娘(主治(zhi)眼(yan)(yan)疾),又稱眼(yan)(yan)光(guang)圣母惠照明目元君,傳說眼(yan)(yan)光(guang)娘娘能治(zhi)療各種(zhong)疾病,保佑人(ren)們眼(yan)(yan)明心(xin)亮(liang)、身體健(jian)康。
農歷(li)三(san)月(yue)初六與四月(yue)廿日都是(shi)眼光娘娘誕(dan)辰。右邊為天后娘娘媽(ma)祖(主出海(hai)平(ping)安),又(you)稱輔兜昭孝純正靈(ling)應孚濟護(hu)國(guo)庇(bi)民妙靈(ling)昭應弘仁普濟天妃,司(si)掌海(hai)上安全、商業(ye)興隆、平(ping)安守護(hu)、消(xiao)災避難(nan)。
財(cai)神(shen)殿:財(cai)神(shen)殿內供奉財(cai)神(shen)、招財(cai)仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)、進寶(bao)仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)、利(li)市仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)、納珍仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)。趙(zhao)公(gong)(gong)明,本名朗(lang),字公(gong)(gong)明,又稱趙(zhao)玄(xuan)壇(tan),趙(zhao)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)帥。“玄(xuan)壇(tan)”是指道教的齋壇(tan),也(ye)有護法之意,為(wei)(wei)道教四(si)大元(yuan)帥之一。同時為(wei)(wei)雷(lei)部將帥和五(wu)方瘟神(shen)之一。又相傳為(wei)(wei)正財(cai)神(shen),司掌世間財(cai)源。多(duo)為(wei)(wei)黑面濃須,騎黑虎,一手執(zhi)銀鞭,一手持元(yuan)寶(bao),全副(fu)戎裝。統帥招財(cai)仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)陳九(jiu)公(gong)(gong)、進寶(bao)仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)蕭升、利(li)市仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)姚少(shao)司和納珍仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)曹(cao)寶(bao),專(zhuan)司迎祥納福、商賈(jia)買賣。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿:城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟內(nei)(nei)(nei)最(zui)后(hou)一進殿為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿兩側懸(xuan)有對聯(lian)以贊揚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神公(gong)(gong)正無(wu)私“禍福分(fen)明(ming)此地難通線索(suo),善(shan)惡(e)立判須知(zhi)天道無(wu)私”,上懸(xuan)匾額“威(wei)靈(ling)顯赫(he)”。殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)另有一副贊神對聯(lian)“天道無(wu)私做善(shan)降(jiang)祥預知(zhi)吉兇禍福,神明(ming)有應修功解厄分(fen)辨邪正忠奸(jian)”橫批(pi)“燮理陰陽”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿中(zhong)央供(gong)奉上海縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神紅臉木雕(diao)像(xiang),正襟危坐(zuo)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)仿照(zhao)明(ming)代縣衙公(gong)(gong)堂(tang)陳設,儀(yi)仗森嚴(yan)。
娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian):城隍(huang)(huang)殿(dian)西面為娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian),供(gong)奉(feng)上海(hai)縣(xian)城隍(huang)(huang)神夫人儲氏。城隍(huang)(huang)夫人儲氏,周浦一(yi)帶的望族(zu)(zu)之女。當時,周浦儲姓家(jia)族(zu)(zu)頗具(ju)聲望,祖輩是(shi)宋代詞人儲泳(yong)(約1101~1165,字文(wen)卿,號(hao)華谷),隨宋室南(nan)遷(qian)而隱居在周浦一(yi)帶。
父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)殿(dian):城隍(huang)殿(dian)東(dong)首(shou)為父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)殿(dian),殿(dian)內供(gong)奉上海縣城隍(huang)神(shen)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)。城隍(huang)父(fu)(fu)秦(qin)(qin)良顥(1278~1355),字信甫,號述(shu)齋。師從蕭(xiao)氏,搜集蒙古(gu)文史傳故事及(ji)時(shi)務功要(yao)者三百余(yu)條,編譯成漢文的知識(shi)大(da)全《纂通(tong)》;又(you)掇拾師言(yan)(yan)(yan),兼采別說(shuo),輯成《一(yi)貫》,并(bing)取蒙古(gu)及(ji)維(wei)吾爾問答之(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan),編成《吹(chui)萬(wan)集》。他是極為難得的漢人出(chu)身的蒙古(gu)文專家。當時(shi),漢人學蒙古(gu)文者無(wu)出(chu)其右,因此他年紀輕輕就出(chu)任(ren)國(guo)子(zi)監學錄,而(er)他“淡然無(wu)求(qiu)進(jin)意,隱居教授,戶外之(zhi)屨至(zhi),無(wu)所容達。官大(da)人至(zhi)者,莫(mo)不(bu)晉謁,與(yu)之(zhi)語,動中(zhong)肯綮(qi),而(er)適于(yu)事情未嘗 不(bu)為之(zhi)嘆(tan)服也”,“其平時(shi)一(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)動,無(wu)不(bu)揆(kui)乎道(dao)義,人皆稱篤(du)行君子(zi)焉”。大(da)德年間(1297~1307),秦(qin)(qin)良顥經翰(han)林寇(kou)學士(shi)推薦(jian),進(jin)萬(wan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)策,由國(guo)子(zi)監學錄提升為浙西榷鹺使。于(yu)是,秦(qin)(qin)良顥舉家南下(xia)返回上海地區。
文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)殿(dian)內供奉文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝君(jun)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝君(jun)又稱(cheng)梓潼(tong)(tong)帝君(jun)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)曲(qu)星、文(wen)(wen)(wen)星,為(wei)主宰功名(ming)(ming)、祿位(wei)之神。是(shi)中國民間和(he)道教(jiao)尊奉的(de)掌(zhang)管士人(ren)功名(ming)(ming)祿位(wei)之神。文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)本星名(ming)(ming),亦(yi)稱(cheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)星,或文(wen)(wen)(wen)星,古時(shi)認為(wei)是(shi)主持文(wen)(wen)(wen)運功名(ming)(ming)的(de)星宿。其(qi)成為(wei)中國民間和(he)道教(jiao)所信奉的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝君(jun),與梓潼(tong)(tong)神張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)亞(ya)(ya)子(zi)有(you)關(guan)。東(dong)晉寧康二(er)年(374),蜀(shu)人(ren)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)育(yu)自(zi)稱(cheng)蜀(shu)王,起義抗擊(ji)前秦(qin)苻堅,英勇戰死,人(ren)們(men)在梓潼(tong)(tong)郡七曲(qu)山為(wei)之建(jian)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)育(yu)祠(ci),并尊奉他為(wei)雷(lei)澤龍(long)神。其(qi)時(shi)七曲(qu)山另有(you)梓潼(tong)(tong)神亞(ya)(ya)子(zi)祠(ci),因兩祠(ci)相鄰(lin),后人(ren)將兩祠(ci)神名(ming)(ming)合(he)稱(cheng)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)亞(ya)(ya)子(zi),并稱(cheng)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)亞(ya)(ya)子(zi)仕(shi)晉戰歿(mo)。實為(wei)《晉書》所載張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)育(yu)之事。左(zuo)右二(er)童子(zi)稱(cheng)天(tian)聾、地啞,是(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝君(jun)的(de)兩個(ge)侍童,一個(ge)掌(zhang)管文(wen)(wen)(wen)人(ren)錄運薄冊,一個(ge)手(shou)持文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)大印。意(yi)思是(shi):能知者不能言,能言者不能知。文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)帝君(jun)掌(zhang)管文(wen)(wen)(wen)章科舉,關(guan)系富貴貧賤(jian),保密問題很重(zhong)要(yao),以免天(tian)機泄漏(lou)。
關(guan)(guan)圣(sheng)殿(dian)內供(gong)關(guan)(guan)圣(sheng)帝君(jun),左右(you)供(gong)周倉、關(guan)(guan)平二(er)位將軍。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)神,是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)保(bao)護神,“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,就是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池(chi);“隍(huang)”是(shi)干涸的(de)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河,“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”和“隍(huang)”都是(shi)保(bao)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市安(an)全的(de)軍事設(she)施。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟里供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),多(duo)數在歷(li)史上確有(you)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)。能夠(gou)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)基本(ben)(ben)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這樣(yang)幾類:第(di)一(yi)(yi)類是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)有(you)政績(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方官(guan),在去世之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了表彰他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)績(ji),供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),并(bing)且希(xi)望他(ta)(ta)在天之(zhi)靈依就能夠(gou)保佑本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)。如(ru)(ru)上海(hai)奉賢(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)周中鋐,是(shi)(shi)清代(dai)松江知府,生前(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)清廉,最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治理(li)地(di)(di)方水患以身殉職,奉賢(xian)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了紀念他(ta)(ta),供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉他(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奉賢(xian)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen);第(di)二類是(shi)(shi)國家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)臣(chen),其(qi)(qi)生前(qian)(qian)曾(ceng)經拯救(jiu)了國家(jia)(jia)和百(bai)(bai)姓(xing),人(ren)們為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了表示感(gan)激之(zhi)情(qing),將(jiang)他(ta)(ta)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),這類城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)中有(you)普通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing),也有(you)國家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)臣(chen),如(ru)(ru)浙(zhe)江義烏縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)項顯佑,生前(qian)(qian)幫助(zhu)朱元(yuan)璋統一(yi)(yi)天下,1367年(nian),江浙(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)大旱,項顯佑散家(jia)(jia)財(cai)賑濟百(bai)(bai)姓(xing),救(jiu)人(ren)無數,義烏百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了紀念他(ta)(ta),就供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉他(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)義烏縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen);第(di)三類是(shi)(shi)生前(qian)(qian)正(zheng)直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),如(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)清廉,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)正(zheng)直等,去世以后(hou)(hou)(hou),人(ren)們認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)在冥界(jie)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)能夠(gou)保持(chi)其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品德,保護本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing),將(jiang)他(ta)(ta)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。如(ru)(ru)北京城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)楊淑山,明代(dai)嘉(jia)靖年(nian)間進(jin)士,官(guan)至兵部(bu)員外(wai)郎,以剛正(zheng)不阿而著名。因彈劾(he)嚴嵩(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十大罪狀而被捕入獄,后(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嚴嵩(song)(song)所(suo)害。北京的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)就將(jiang)他(ta)(ta)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen);第(di)四(si)類是(shi)(shi)行(xing)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)死后(hou)(hou)(hou)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),這些(xie)人(ren)通常在生前(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)做了很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)事(shi)(shi),人(ren)們為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了紀念他(ta)(ta),同(tong)時(shi)希(xi)望他(ta)(ta)在冥界(jie)也能夠(gou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)做好(hao)事(shi)(shi),就將(jiang)他(ta)(ta)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。如(ru)(ru)烏魯(lu)木齊(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)陜西人(ren)紀永(yong)寧,相傳嘉(jia)靖三十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)地(di)(di)震,曾(ceng)捐資埋(mai)葬(zang)死者四(si)十余人(ren),多(duo)行(xing)善事(shi)(shi),上天以其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)心(xin)行(xing)善,封其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)烏魯(lu)木齊(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。可見,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市保護神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),老(lao)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)希(xi)望能夠(gou)得(de)到他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護,所(suo)以,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)都是(shi)(shi)由(you)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)公忠正(zheng)直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)擔任。
城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)神(shen)的職能:保城(cheng)(cheng)護(hu)民(min),懲惡(e)揚善(shan),監察萬(wan)民(min),祛除災(zai)(zai)(zai)厄。《太上(shang)老君說(shuo)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)感應消災(zai)(zai)(zai)集福妙經》中說(shuo)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)神(shen):“公忠正直,有(you)(you)求必應,如影隨形(xing),代(dai)天理物,剪惡(e)除兇,護(hu)國保邦,功施(shi)社(she)稷,溥降甘(gan)澤,普救生(sheng)民(min)”,“哀憫世間一切眾生(sheng),或有(you)(you)年(nian)災(zai)(zai)(zai)月(yue)厄,命運騫滯……,吾當速譴(qian)行瘟使者,收瘟圣眾,即除罪簿,永滅惡(e)根。”“世間若有(you)(you)善(shan)男子(zi),善(shan)女人,廣(guang)積陰功,行諸方便,施(shi)財周急,愛(ai)老憐貧……”則“增延福壽,世代(dai)榮昌,子(zi)嗣綿永,世世不絕。”“城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)尊神(shen),顯化(hua)無(wu)邊,禱雨則甘(gan)霖蘇槁,禾(he)稼成(cheng)熟,祈晴(qing)則化(hua)陰成(cheng)陽,應時朗晴(qing)。”
地鐵:地鐵10號線“豫園(yuan)路”站出,步(bu)行可達(da)。
公交:乘坐221、264、544、夜32、12、24、36、42、66、182、190、219、1、7、10、222、夜1、夜8、夜12路公交車(che)在文德路站下(xia)車(che),步行即可到達。
每日: 8:30-16:30;全年無(wu)休
逢農歷初一,十五:6:00-16:30