一.產品介紹
路(lu)橋枇杷(pa)在宋朝就有栽(zai)培,宋嘉定《赤(chi)城志(zhi)(zhi)》載:“枇杷(pa) 葉(xie)陰密,不凋,冬花(hua)夏實(shi)。”《土物小識》記“枇杷(pa),葉(xie)婆娑,冬開折花(hua),來春結(jie)實(shi),味(wei)甘(gan)美(mei)。……出安溶”。《民國(guo)(guo)志(zhi)(zhi)稿》載:“本縣(xian)上山(shan)童一帶(dai)盛產枇杷(pa)”。1934年《浙江(jiang)實(shi)業志(zhi)(zhi)》載,“黃巖枇杷(pa)年產量9600擔,僅次于余(yu)杭,居(ju)全省(sheng)第二”。1984年,以黃巖縣(xian)(路(lu)橋區)枇杷(pa)為原料的糖水枇杷(pa)罐(guan)頭(tou)還獲巴格(ge)達國(guo)(guo)際(ji)博覽(lan)會(hui)優質獎和國(guo)(guo)家經貿部(bu)(bu)榮(rong)(rong)譽(yu)獎。路(lu)橋區1994年8月22日經國(guo)(guo)務院批(pi)準設立。1996年,路(lu)橋區桐嶼街道被農業部(bu)(bu)等有關單(dan)位命名為“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)枇杷(pa)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”,1999年被省(sheng)林(lin)業廳評為“浙江(jiang)枇杷(pa)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。路(lu)橋枇杷(pa)先后榮(rong)(rong)獲中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)農業博覽(lan)會(hui)名牌產品,浙江(jiang)農業博覽(lan)會(hui)“金獎”等。
二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)區(qu)背山(shan)(shan)面(mian)海(hai),丘(qiu)陵與平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)相間,以(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),屬(shu)溫(wen)黃(huang)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中心部分(fen)(fen),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)海(hai)拔3米左(zuo)右;河道(dao)縱橫,水網密布,間有孤丘(qiu)點綴,沿(yan)海(hai)海(hai)岸曲折;島(dao)嶼(yu)(yu)星羅棋布,地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)西(xi)高東低。路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)為沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),土(tu)(tu)壤質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)為黃(huang)壤,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)厚度(du)1m以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang);pH值(zhi)6.5,有機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)3.8%,速效磷29ppm,速效鉀113ppm,符合(he)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)條件。 (2)水文(wen)情況(kuang):路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)因樹體對水分(fen)(fen)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較低且(qie)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)布于低山(shan)(shan)緩(huan)坡,灌溉(gai)用水主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)小(xiao)(xiao)水庫、積(ji)(ji)水塘、積(ji)(ji)水池內(nei)所積(ji)(ji)蓄雨水為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)河道(dao)水灌溉(gai)。 (3)氣候情況(kuang):屬(shu)亞熱帶(dai)季風氣候區(qu),冬(dong)夏(xia)季長(chang)(chang),春秋(qiu)季短,四(si)(si)季分(fen)(fen)明,雨水充足,空氣濕潤,光照(zhao)適宜,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)17.5℃,7、8月(yue)份最熱,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)分(fen)(fen)別為28.1℃和(he)(he)(he)27.7℃,極端最高氣溫(wen)40.3℃(2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian));1月(yue)份最冷,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)6.8℃,極端最低氣溫(wen)-7.1℃(1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian));無霜期(qi)262天。受海(hai)洋性(xing)季風影響,全區(qu)降(jiang)水充沛,常年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)1533mm;蒸發量(liang)(liang)1283.7mm,相對濕度(du)80%;年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時數1742h,≥10℃活(huo)動積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)5521.3℃。 災(zai)害性(xing)天氣主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有臺風、暴雨、洪澇、寒(han)潮及冰雹(bao)等,對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)林業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)影響較大(da)(da)。 (4)人(ren)文(wen)歷史情況(kuang):據西(xi)漢司馬(ma)相如(ru)《上(shang)(shang)林賦》中就有枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)栽(zai)培的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)(zai),說明我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)栽(zai)培枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)已(yi)(yi)有2100多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,在唐宋期(qi)間,枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)在四(si)(si)川、湖北、陜西(xi)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)浙(zhe)(zhe),并已(yi)(yi)擴(kuo)展到華南(nan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)。南(nan)宋之(zhi)(zhi)后,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)浙(zhe)(zhe)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)已(yi)(yi)處(chu)在領先地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)。建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后,枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)布在長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)各省,以(yi)(yi)(yi)浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塘棲、黃(huang)巖、福建(jian)莆田、云霄、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)吳縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)庭(ting)山(shan)(shan)、安(an)徽(hui)歙縣(xian)最為集中。(注(zhu):路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)區(qu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)隸屬(shu)黃(huang)巖縣(xian))。路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)在宋朝就有栽(zai)培,宋嘉(jia)定赤城志中有“枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa) 葉(xie)陰(yin)密不(bu)凋,冬(dong)花夏(xia)實(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)(zai),20世紀五十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)集中在桐嶼(yu)(yu)街道(dao)上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)童、峰(feng)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)街道(dao)安(an)溶。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),黃(huang)巖縣(xian)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)躍居(ju)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第一。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),黃(huang)巖罐頭(tou)食品(pin)(pin)廠生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)567克糖水枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)罐頭(tou),獲(huo)巴格達(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)博覽會優(you)質(zhi)獎(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)貿部榮(rong)譽獎(jiang),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)銷往東南(nan)亞各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)港澳地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)1.25萬(wan)噸,黃(huang)巖縣(xian)占全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)42%,其中路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、共和(he)(he)(he)等5鄉(xiang)(xiang)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)近萬(wan)畝,是國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)少(shao)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)商品(pin)(pin)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)。路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有19個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):紅(hong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)類(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有大(da)(da)紅(hong)袍、洛陽青、本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)鐘、圓種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、倒掛種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、單(dan)邊種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等,白(bai)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)類(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有溪(xi)上(shang)(shang)白(bai)沙(sha)、硬(ying)條白(bai)沙(sha)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)溶白(bai)沙(sha)等。通過多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),多數品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)(yi)被(bei)淘汰,目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有2個(ge),即(ji)紅(hong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洛陽青和(he)(he)(he)白(bai)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)桐嶼(yu)(yu)白(bai)沙(sha),占栽(zai)培總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。洛陽青:為路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)土(tu)(tu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),因果(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟時,果(guo)(guo)頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)萼(e)片仍青綠色(se)而得名。樹勢(shi)中等,抗逆性(xing)強(qiang),較穩產(chan)(chan)(chan),5月(yue)底至6月(yue)初成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟,果(guo)(guo)耐運輸(shu)貯藏,是制(zhi)作(zuo)罐頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理想(xiang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代因罐頭(tou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao),最早(zao)在民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)開始得到大(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)發展。桐嶼(yu)(yu)白(bai)砂:是從本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)溪(xi)上(shang)(shang)白(bai)砂枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)枝變選出(chu),樹勢(shi)強(qiang)健,抗凍力較好,幼樹結果(guo)(guo)期(qi)早(zao),果(guo)(guo)皮薄,易剝(bo),果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)柔軟多汁,可溶性(xing)固形物含(han)量(liang)(liang)高,風味獨(du)(du)特(te)(te),作(zuo)為鮮食品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)近幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)得到快速發展。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)22日經(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院批準設立路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)區(qu)。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)區(qu)桐嶼(yu)(yu)街道(dao)被(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部等有關單(dan)位(wei)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)命名委(wei)(wei)員會”命名為“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”和(he)(he)(he)省林業(ye)廳評為“浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”。為進一步做大(da)(da)做強(qiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)特(te)(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye),發揮名牌(pai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)優(you)勢(shi),1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),投資200多萬(wan)元,在桐嶼(yu)(yu)街道(dao)小(xiao)(xiao)稠村建(jian)立了(le)(le)集賞花、采(cai)摘、品(pin)(pin)賞于一體的(de)(de)(de)(de)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)觀光園—枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang),現已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功舉辦(ban)了(le)(le)十(shi)屆枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)旅游觀光節活(huo)動,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)待游客5000人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)獨(du)(du)特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)文(wen)化。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編制(zhi)了(le)(le)DB331004/T 04.1-1999《路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)優(you)質(zhi)安(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)》地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)標準。路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)送(song)樣參評,2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)榮(rong)獲(huo)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)博覽會名牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),2001-2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)連續兩屆榮(rong)獲(huo)浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)博覽會“金(jin)獎(jiang)”。 2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),邀請浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大(da)(da)學和(he)(he)(he)浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)林學院教授(shou)專家(jia)前(qian)(qian)(qian)來(lai)(lai)咨詢會診,研(yan)究制(zhi)訂了(le)(le)《路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化發展規(gui)劃》和(he)(he)(he)《路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)優(you)質(zhi)實(shi)用栽(zai)培技術規(gui)程》。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),轄區(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)省級示范性(xing)專業(ye)合(he)作(zuo)社--浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大(da)(da)紅(hong)袍水果(guo)(guo)專業(ye)合(he)作(zuo)社,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)首家(jia)依法工商注(zhu)冊登記(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)專業(ye)合(he)作(zuo)社,全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)大(da)(da)副委(wei)(wei)員長(chang)(chang)何魯麗,政協副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席周鐵(tie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)、阿不(bu)來(lai)(lai)提.阿不(bu)熱多西(xi),浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省省長(chang)(chang)呂祖善,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部副部長(chang)(chang)范小(xiao)(xiao)建(jian)等均(jun)曾親臨合(he)作(zuo)社考察、指導。枇(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)(pa)已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)結構調(diao)整(zheng)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增收、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村致富的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)市民(min)(min)休閑、娛樂、嬉戲的(de)(de)(de)(de)好去(qu)處(chu)。
三.地域范圍
路(lu)橋區(qu)是臺(tai)州市的主體(ti)城區(qu)之一,地(di)處浙江(jiang)(jiang)沿海(hai)(hai)中(zhong)部(bu),中(zhong)國黃(huang)金海(hai)(hai)岸中(zhong)段(duan),溫黃(huang)平(ping)原腹部(bu)。境(jing)域東(dong)(dong)瀕東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai),南(nan)接溫嶺,西鄰(lin)黃(huang)巖,北(bei)(bei)連(lian)椒江(jiang)(jiang),內(nei)陸總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)274平(ping)方(fang)公里(li),建成(cheng)區(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)29.25平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。路(lu)橋枇(pi)杷農產(chan)品地(di)理標志保護范圍(wei)包括(kuo)路(lu)橋區(qu)的桐(tong)(tong)嶼街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)、峰江(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)、螺洋街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)、路(lu)北(bei)(bei)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)4個街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)的22個村(cun),東(dong)(dong)至(zhi)峰江(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)白楓岙村(cun),南(nan)至(zhi)峰江(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)的安溶(rong)村(cun),西至(zhi)桐(tong)(tong)嶼街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)的小稠村(cun),北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)桐(tong)(tong)嶼街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)高(gao)峰村(cun)。東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)13.3公里(li),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬18.8公里(li),地(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經120°13′00″~121°22′00″,北(bei)(bei)緯28°27′00″~28°38′00″。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在感(gan)官特征(zheng):紅(hong)肉類洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)青枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa):果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)萼(e)片(pian)呈青綠色(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實橢圓形或圓形,平均果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重33克(ke),最大可(ke)達65克(ke)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)圓鈍或平廣,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面橙紅(hong)色(se)(se),銹斑少,皮厚(hou)韌,易剝離,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉橙紅(hong)色(se)(se),軟(ruan)硬適中,汁液中等,肉質細(xi)膩(ni),甜酸適度。耐運輸貯藏,除(chu)鮮(xian)食(shi)外,是(shi)制作罐頭的(de)最好(hao)品(pin)種。白沙(sha)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa):果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實卵圓形,單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重35克(ke)以上(shang),最大可(ke)達70克(ke)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮淡橙黃色(se)(se),有(you)(you)(you)銹斑,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮薄,易剝,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳白色(se)(se),柔(rou)軟(ruan)多汁,味甜,有(you)(you)(you)香氣,風味獨特,為(wei)鮮(xian)食(shi)極(ji)優品(pin)種。 (2)內在品(pin)質指標:可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)青枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)10-14%,白沙(sha)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)12~17%;可(ke)食(shi)率為(wei)60%以上(shang),總酸含量≤0.7 g/100mL。并含有(you)(you)(you)豐富(fu)纖(xian)維素(su)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膠(jiao)、胡(hu)蘿卜素(su)、蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)酸、檸檬(meng)酸、鉀、磷(lin)、鐵、鈣(gai)及維生素(su)A、B、C等。 (3)安全要求:路橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)執(zhi)行DB331004/T 04.1-2006《無公害枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)(pa)》果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)標準要求。
五.特(te)定生產方式
(1)產地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)擇(ze)背風向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang),海拔高(gao)度(du)100m、坡度(du)25°以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)緩(huan)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵(ling),建(jian)園時(shi)(shi)宜修(xiu)(xiu)筑成水(shui)平梯田(tian)(tian)。平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢高(gao)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)位低的(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。選(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)深厚、土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏松(song)的(de)(de)泥砂土(tu)或(huo)砂礫質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu),有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于2.0%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH值(zhi)5-7為(wei)宜。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豐產性(xing)、穩(wen)產性(xing)好(hao),抗病(bing)性(xing)強,品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良(liang),適合(he)(he)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)氣候特(te)點(dian)和土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條件的(de)(de)枇(pi)杷品(pin)(pin)種――紅肉(rou)類:洛(luo)陽(yang)青;白(bai)(bai)肉(rou)類:桐(tong)嶼(yu)白(bai)(bai)沙、溪上(shang)(shang)(shang)白(bai)(bai)沙。 (3)生(sheng)產過(guo)程及(ji)農業(ye)投(tou)(tou)入品(pin)(pin)管理:定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)苗于2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)或(huo)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi),行距(3-4),株距(2.5-3)m,畦(qi)南北向(xiang)(xiang),按(an)株距筑定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)(xue),穴(xue)(xue)內施足底肥(fei),定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)高(gao)出畦(qi)面(mian)25-30cm。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)濕潤。天(tian)(tian)晴風大(da),勤澆稀(xi)薄肥(fei)水(shui),根(gen)(gen)際覆草保(bao)濕,大(da)苗定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)立(li)防(fang)(fang)風桿,可適當剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除枝(zhi)(zhi)葉,發(fa)現死株,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)補種。定(ding)(ding)(ding)干高(gao)度(du)30-40cm。培養成雙層杯(bei)狀形和自然開心(xin)形,樹(shu)高(gao)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2-2.5m。各次梢的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)初期,即3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)和8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。強樹(shu)勢多留(liu)(liu),弱樹(shu)勢少留(liu)(liu)。春剪(jian)(jian)(jian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun),修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)量(liang)(liang)不超(chao)過(guo)總(zong)枝(zhi)(zhi)葉量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)20%;夏(xia)(xia)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun),修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)量(liang)(liang)不超(chao)過(guo)總(zong)枝(zhi)(zhi)葉量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)30%。疏刪(shan)密生(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi),剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除病(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)、枯枝(zhi)(zhi)、弱枝(zhi)(zhi),樹(shu)冠(guan)郁閉(bi)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)從基(ji)部剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除,培養骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)組;對遠離(li)(li)大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi),進行回(hui)縮(suo)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)。回(hui)縮(suo)的(de)(de)大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)留(liu)(liu)基(ji)部(10-15)cm并斜剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(鋸)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)支(zhi)軸分(fen)離(li)(li)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)期,疏除花(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)半(ban)部、基(ji)部的(de)(de)小支(zhi)軸及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)部支(zhi)軸頂(ding)端1/3花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)。保(bao)留(liu)(liu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)中(zhong)(zhong)部的(de)(de)(4-6)個支(zhi)軸。疏除花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)量(liang)(liang)20%-30%。 3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun),根(gen)(gen)據(ju)8:1的(de)(de)葉果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)比留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),每穗(sui)留(liu)(liu)(2-3)個果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun),結合(he)(he)最后一(yi)次疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單層白(bai)(bai)色(se)或(huo)棕色(se)枇(pi)杷專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)袋(dai)進行套(tao)袋(dai)。結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)施肥(fei),全(quan)年(nian)(nian)分(fen)別為(wei)春肥(fei)(1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)施肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)15%-20%)、夏(xia)(xia)肥(fei)(采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前后一(yi)星期,占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)施肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)50%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang))、秋肥(fei)(9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)施肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)30%-35%)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)各個生(sheng)長(chang)期,選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.1%-0.3%磷酸二氫鉀、硼砂,或(huo)高(gao)效(xiao)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)等葉面(mian)樹(shu)冠(guan)噴施。枇(pi)杷樹(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)伏旱(han)、秋旱(han)葉片出現萎蔫(nian)時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)早(zao)晨或(huo)傍晚灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)。山上(shang)(shang)(shang)園地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蓄水(shui)池,實(shi)行噴灌(guan)(guan)、滴灌(guan)(guan)、澆灌(guan)(guan)。平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)園地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)排水(shui)系(xi)統旱(han)時(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)溉,也可采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)狀或(huo)穴(xue)(xue)狀澆水(shui)。3-6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)春夏(xia)(xia)雨(yu)季及(ji)暴雨(yu)后及(ji)時(shi)(shi)排水(shui)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘前遇到多雨(yu)天(tian)(tian)氣時(shi)(shi),可通過(guo)薄膜(mo)覆蓋控(kong)水(shui),提高(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。根(gen)(gen)據(ju)病(bing)蟲發(fa)生(sheng),發(fa)展規律,因時(shi)(shi)、因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)宜合(he)(he)理運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)等措施,經濟、安全(quan)、有(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)控(kong)制(zhi)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)。枇(pi)杷需要防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)的(de)(de)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)主要有(you):葉斑病(bing)、炭疽病(bing)、枝(zhi)(zhi)干腐(fu)爛病(bing)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)栓皮病(bing)、黃毛蟲、梨(li)小食(shi)心(xin)蟲、角點(dian)毒(du)(du)蛾、舟形毛蟲、天(tian)(tian)牛、蓑蛾等。生(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)毒(du)(du)、高(gao)殘留(liu)(liu)農藥(yao)(yao),在(zai)(zai)(zai)同一(yi)生(sheng)產周期內,應(ying)做好(hao)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)交替使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),禁(jin)止(zhi)同一(yi)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)多次使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 (4)產品(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding):鮮食(shi)枇(pi)杷應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)充分(fen)著色(se),表現出該品(pin)(pin)種固有(you)色(se)澤,品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)最佳時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。供貯(zhu)藏(zang)、遠銷(xiao)(xiao)及(ji)加工用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi),可在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮80-90%轉色(se)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)要選(xuan)擇(ze)晴天(tian)(tian),貯(zhu)運(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)早(zao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)及(ji)傍晚采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),避(bi)免在(zai)(zai)(zai)雨(yu)天(tian)(tian)及(ji)烈日下(xia)(xia)(xia)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),套(tao)袋(dai)的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)連袋(dai)一(yi)起采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),選(xuan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)去(qu)袋(dai)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手捏住果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄,小心(xin)折斷,最好(hao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,盡量(liang)(liang)避(bi)免蹭掉果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)茸毛。 (5)生(sheng)產記錄(lu):應(ying)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)實(shi)際生(sheng)產的(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)程,建(jian)立(li)田(tian)(tian)間生(sheng)產技術檔(dang)案以(yi)及(ji)農業(ye)投(tou)(tou)入品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)檔(dang)案和生(sheng)產記錄(lu),建(jian)立(li)銷(xiao)(xiao)貨臺帳,詳細(xi)記錄(lu)產品(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)(xiao)售時(shi)(shi)間、數量(liang)(liang)與去(qu)向(xiang)(xiang),以(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標(biao)識相(xiang)關規定
(1)貯運:采收后果(guo)(guo)實經過挑選,剔(ti)除傷(shang)果(guo)(guo),盡快(kuai)地進(jin)入(ru)溫(wen)度為(wei)20℃的(de)(de)冷庫(ku)緩(huan)沖間(jian)(jian)(jian)置放(fang)2-3小后再(zai)進(jin)入(ru)冷庫(ku)。在(zai)庫(ku)內堆(dui)放(fang)時,應呈品(pin)(pin)(pin)字形堆(dui)放(fang),箱(xiang)與箱(xiang)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)留有一(yi)定的(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙,以(yi)利通風和(he)降溫(wen)。枇(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)進(jin)庫(ku)后,溫(wen)度控制一(yi)般第1-5天為(wei)8℃-13℃,第6-10天為(wei)6℃-10℃.第11天起為(wei)3℃-5℃。出冷庫(ku)時也應在(zai)緩(huan)沖間(jian)(jian)(jian)擱置2-3小時,用冷藏(zang)運輸(shu)車運輸(shu)。 (2)標(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用人應在(zai)其(qi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或其(qi)包裝上統一(yi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用路橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)名(ming)稱(cheng)和(he)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識相結合的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)注形式)。 (3)包裝:枇(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)的(de)(de)包裝要求容器(qi)保持干燥、清潔、無污染,應按同(tong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種、同(tong)等級、同(tong)規(gui)格(ge)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)分別(bie)包裝。用網(wang)盒(he)、著絨吸(xi)塑(su)果(guo)(guo)杯加紙箱(xiang)加保鮮膜、泡沫塑(su)料箱(xiang)加餐布紙等包裝。 (4)申請(qing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用路橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)或經營(ying)者(zhe),應向(xiang)路橋(qiao)區(qu)林(lin)特總站(zhan)遞交《路橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用申請(qing)書》。總站(zhan)對(dui)申請(qing)人的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)情況(kuang)進(jin)行實地考察,并對(dui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)進(jin)行抽檢(jian),經審核合格(ge)后,才能同(tong)意發(fa)放(fang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用者(zhe)應有專人負責(ze)路橋(qiao)枇(pi)(pi)(pi)杷(pa)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)管理(li)和(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用工作。 (5)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用者(zhe)要接受路橋(qiao)區(qu)林(lin)特總站(zhan)對(dui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量的(de)(de)不(bu)定期檢(jian)測和(he)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)監督。