【充電(dian)站組成】汽(qi)車充電(dian)站設備(bei)組成部分 充電(dian)站基礎知識

一、充電站結構原理

（1）充電站基本結構：

箱式電動汽車快速充電站由1、初(chu)級一次(ci)側(ce)充電(dian)機（為再生(sheng)儲能蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)）；2、儲能蓄(xu)電(dian)池；3、次(ci)級二(er)次(ci)側快(kuai)速充電機(ji)（為電動汽車(che)充電）；4、再生蓄電池檢(jian)修機(ji)；5、計費控制系統；6、線纜(lan)配電系；7、機房組成。

（2）充電站工作原理：

平時（夜(ye)間(jian)優先）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力通(tong)過初(chu)級一次側充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)再生蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)儲能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于(yu)儲能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時沒有(you)時間(jian)要求，因而可用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流慢速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可根據(ju)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)自動安排充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，最大程(cheng)度(du)的(de)使用(yong)夜(ye)間(jian)低谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力。當需要為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)允許(xu)最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，通(tong)過次級二次側快(kuai)(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)進行(xing)快(kuai)(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)是(shi)從(cong)儲能(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)“倒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”，而不(bu)是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)接取自電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，因而對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網沒有(you)任何(he)干擾(rao)(rao)（如果直(zhi)(zhi)接從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網高功率(lv)取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會嚴重干擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，不(bu)僅影響(xiang)其他用(yong)戶，而且威脅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網設(she)備）。 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)按實際充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)計(ji)算，非(fei)常方便(bian)。

箱(xiang)內(nei)設(she)備采用模塊式設(she)計(ji)，配有(you)再生蓄(xu)電(dian)池專用維修設(she)備。

充電(dian)站采用第一次現(xian)場拼(pin)裝(zhuang)，之(zhi)后像(xiang)集裝(zhuang)箱一樣可以根據需要(yao)進(jin)行整體(ti)移動。

偏遠(yuan)公路和用電無(wu)保障地域可采用太陽能(neng)(neng)和風(feng)能(neng)(neng)等形(xing)式，原理相(xiang)同。

輸入電壓：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 交流220V ±10%（電壓范圍200V-240V）

輸出電流：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5A-16A(根據電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓自(zi)動(dong)調整）

輸出功率：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 單路180W-500W（根據電池組電壓(ya)自動調整)

充電范圍：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 鉛酸蓄電池(chi)（12V-24V-36V-48V-60V-64V-72V-84V)

騎行里程：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 與電池狀態、氣溫、騎行(xing)路況、載(zai)重等因素有(you)關(guan)！

投幣計數：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 最大投幣計數(shu)顯示9999(超出自動置零重新計數）

輸出線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.5米（含機(ji)內長度）

輸出接頭：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5合1（圓(yuan)頭(tou)、方(fang)口、反方(fang)口、澳柯瑪、萬能口）

輸入線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8米（含機內長度）

二、充電站應用介紹

（1）公共停(ting)車場(chang)：停(ting)車場(chang)是社會充電站最佳的(de)地方之一(yi)(yi)，交通(tong)方便(bian)、出入(ru)方便(bian)。可(ke)與停(ting)車場(chang)租用一(yi)(yi)個車位，甚至是便(bian)角落位置即可(ke)，可(ke)以(yi)留有2個充電(dian)(dian)車位（由于是短(duan)時充電(dian)(dian)，甚(shen)至都不用專用充電(dian)(dian)車位，按(an)充電(dian)(dian)車數交一定費(fei)用即(ji)可）。

（2）大型購物中心：此地放置充電站必然會受到購物中心歡迎，充電的人會順便購買商品（在哪里買都是買，正好利用充電的10-20分鐘購(gou)物），這樣，可與(yu)購(gou)物中心實現雙贏(ying)。

（3）可(ke)停(ting)車(che)的路邊地(di)：城市停(ting)車(che)越來越難(nan)，許(xu)多(duo)非(fei)(fei)主干道，都(dou)被允許(xu)用來臨時停(ting)車(che)，由于箱式(shi)電動汽車(che)快(kuai)速充(chong)電站(zhan)占用的地(di)方非(fei)(fei)常小（小于20㎡），可供箱式電動(dong)汽車快速充電站放置的(de)位置非(fei)常多，并且根據需要進行隨時移動(dong)。

（4）高速路服務(wu)區：在高速路服務(wu)區設(she)置幾座箱式電動(dong)汽車快(kuai)速充電站，就可連接周邊城市。數量不多，但意義很大，它將大大增加(jia)電動(dong)汽車用戶的(de)信心。

（5）居住小區(qu)：這是最貼近用(yong)戶的(de)地方，雖(sui)然小區(qu)內可以(yi)設置許多(duo)慢速(su)充(chong)(chong)電樁，但有(you)急事需要外(wai)出是幾乎每個人都可能遇到的(de)事情(qing)，慢速(su)充(chong)(chong)電站必須與快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電站結(jie)合起來才(cai)能發揮作(zuo)用(yong)。

（6）單(dan)位、寫(xie)字樓等：一般(ban)單(dan)位與(yu)寫(xie)字樓都有(you)停車(che)場地，單(dan)位購置(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)站不僅(jin)可為本(ben)單(dan)位的(de)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)服(fu)(fu)務，也(ye)可為本(ben)單(dan)位員工(gong)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)服(fu)(fu)務，當然也(ye)可允許社會(hui)車(che)輛快速充(chong)電(dian)。

（7）特殊(shu)景區(qu)，重要國道、偏遠(yuan)公路和用電無保障地(di)域擔憂須充(chong)(chong)電需求的(de)地(di)域可采(cai)用太陽(yang)能(neng)和風能(neng)等能(neng)源形式儲能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電。

（8）改(gai)裝(zhuang)部分(fen)應急充電(dian)車，對因電(dian)能耗(hao)盡拋錨路邊的電(dian)動汽車進行應急充電(dian)

三、電動汽車充電方法

電動汽車蓄電池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按(an)與(yu)(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相反的(de)方向通過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，使它恢復工(gong)作(zuo)能力，這個過程稱為蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)相聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源負(fu)極(ji)(ji)相聯，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)有恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)種。

電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技術充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法的(de)研(yan)究：

常規充電制度是依據1940年前國際公認的(de)(de)經驗法則(ze)設計的(de)(de)。其(qi)中(zhong)最著名的(de)(de)就是“安培小時規則(ze)”：充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)安培數，不(bu)應超過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)池待充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)安時數。實際上，常規充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)速度被蓄電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)溫升和(he)氣體的(de)(de)產生(sheng)所限(xian)制。這個(ge)現象對蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)所必須的(de)(de)最短時間具有重要(yao)意義。

恒流充電法

恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法是用(yong)(yong)調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓或改變(bian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯電(dian)(dian)阻的方(fang)法，保持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流強度不變(bian)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法。控制方(fang)法簡單(dan)，但由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的可接受電(dian)(dian)流能力是隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的進行而逐漸(jian)下降的，到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流多用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)解水，產生氣體，使出氣過(guo)甚，因此，常(chang)選用(yong)(yong)階段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法。

階段充電法

此(ci)方(fang)法(fa)包括(kuo)二(er)階段充(chong)(chong)電法(fa)和三(san)階段充(chong)(chong)電法(fa)

①二(er)階段法(fa)采用恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)流和恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相結(jie)合的快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)，首先，以恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)至預定的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)，然(ran)后，改為(wei)恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)完成剩余的充電(dian)(dian)。一(yi)般(ban)兩(liang)階段之間的轉(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就是(shi)第二(er)階段的恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

②三(san)階(jie)段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)法在充(chong)電(dian)開始和結束時(shi)采用恒電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)，中(zhong)間用恒電(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)。當電(dian)流(liu)衰減到(dao)預(yu)定(ding)值時(shi)，由第(di)二階(jie)段(duan)轉換到(dao)第(di)三(san)階(jie)段(duan)。這種(zhong)方(fang)法可以將(jiang)出氣(qi)量減到(dao)最少，但作為一(yi)種(zhong)快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法使用，受(shou)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)限制。

恒壓充電法

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在(zai)全部充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)里保持恒定(ding)的(de)數值，隨(sui)著蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)逐漸升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸減(jian)少。與恒流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法相比(bi)，其充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程更(geng)接近于最佳(jia)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線。用(yong)恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢較低(di)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大，隨(sui)著充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將逐漸減(jian)少，因此，只需簡(jian)易控制系統。

這種充電(dian)方(fang)法電(dian)解水很少，避(bi)免了(le)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)過充。但在(zai)充電(dian)初(chu)期電(dian)流(liu)過大，對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)壽命造成很大影響(xiang)，且容易使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)極板彎曲，造成電(dian)池(chi)報廢(fei)。鑒(jian)于這種缺點，恒壓充電(dian)很少使(shi)用(yong)，只有在(zai)充電(dian)電(dian)源電(dian)壓低而電(dian)流(liu)大時(shi)采用(yong)。例如(ru)，汽車運行過程中，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)就是以恒壓充電(dian)法充電(dian)的。

快速充電法

①脈沖式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)，這種充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)不僅遵循蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)固(gu)有的(de)充(chong)電(dian)接受率，而且能(neng)夠提高電(dian)動汽(qi)車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)接受率，從而打破(po)了蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)指數(shu)充(chong)電(dian)接受曲線(xian)的(de)限(xian)制，這也是蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)理(li)論的(de)新發展。

脈沖(chong)(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式首先是用脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)停充一(yi)段時間，如此循環。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，而間歇期使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經化學反應(ying)產生的(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)有(you)時間重新化合(he)而被(bei)吸(xi)收掉，使(shi)下一(yi)輪的(de)(de)應(ying)恒(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)能夠更(geng)加(jia)順利地進行，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)以吸(xi)收更(geng)多的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量。間歇脈沖(chong)(chong)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)較充分的(de)(de)反應(ying)時間，減(jian)少了析氣(qi)(qi)量，提高了蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受率。

②2REFLEXTM快速充電(dian)(dian)法，這種技(ji)術是美國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)一項專(zhuan)利技(ji)術，它主要面對的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)對象是鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。由于(yu)它采(cai)用(yong)了新型的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法，解決了鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)記憶效應，因(yin)此(ci)，大大降低了蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)快速充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)。鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法和(he)對充電(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測方(fang)法與鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)不同，但它們之間(jian)可(ke)以相互借(jie)REFLEXTM充(chong)電(dian)法的一個(ge)工作(zuo)周期包括正向充(chong)電(dian)脈沖，反向瞬間(jian)放電(dian)脈沖，停充(chong)維持3個階段。

③變電(dian)(dian)流間歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法建立(li)在恒(heng)(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)和(he)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)基礎上。其特點是將(jiang)恒(heng)(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)段改(gai)為限(xian)壓(ya)變電(dian)(dian)流間歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)段。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)前期的(de)各(ge)段采(cai)用(yong)變電(dian)(dian)流間歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)法，保證加大充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，獲得絕大部分充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)量。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)期采(cai)用(yong)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)段，獲得過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)量，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)恢復至完(wan)全(quan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)態。通(tong)過間歇停充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)經化學反應產(chan)生的(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)氫氣(qi)(qi)有(you)時間重新化合而被(bei)吸收(shou)掉(diao)，使(shi)下一輪(lun)的(de)恒(heng)(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)能夠更(geng)加順利地進行，使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以(yi)吸收(shou)更(geng)多的(de)電(dian)(dian)量。

④變(bian)電(dian)(dian)壓間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在變(bian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)基(ji)礎上又(you)有人提出了變(bian)電(dian)(dian)壓間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。與變(bian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)不同之(zhi)處在于(yu)第一(yi)階(jie)段的(de)不是(shi)(shi)間(jian)歇(xie)恒(heng)流(liu)，而是(shi)(shi)間(jian)歇(xie)恒(heng)壓。在每(mei)個(ge)恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段，由于(yu)是(shi)(shi)恒(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)自然(ran)按照指數規律下(xia)降(jiang)，符合電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)流(liu)可(ke)接受率隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)進行逐漸(jian)下(xia)降(jiang)的(de)特點。

⑤變電壓變電流波浪式間歇正負零脈沖快速充電法，合脈沖充電法、ReflexTM快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)、變(bian)電(dian)流(liu)間歇(xie)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)及變(bian)電(dian)壓間歇(xie)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)的優點，變(bian)電(dian)壓變(bian)電(dian)流(liu)波浪式正負零(ling)脈沖間歇(xie)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)得到發展應(ying)用。脈沖充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)路的控制一(yi)般(ban)有兩種：

1）脈沖電流的幅(fu)值可變，而PWM（驅動(dong)充放電(dian)開關管(guan)）信(xin)號的頻率是(shi)固定的；

2）脈沖電流幅(fu)值(zhi)固定(ding)不變，PWM信(xin)號(hao)的頻率可調。

脈沖電流幅值和PWM信號的頻率均固定，PWM占(zhan)空比(bi)可調，在(zai)此基礎上(shang)加入間(jian)歇停(ting)充階段，能夠在(zai)較短的(de)(de)時間(jian)內充進更(geng)多的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量，提高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)接受(shou)能力。