一、老年代步車是什么車

老年車，又叫老年電動車、老年代步車、老(lao)(lao)(lao)年助力(li)車，是(shi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)年人戶外出行代步的(de)理想車輛。其性能相對(dui)穩定，車速較慢，運用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)無需加油，故又稱環保老(lao)(lao)(lao)年車，老(lao)(lao)(lao)年電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)能源有(you)很多，主要有(you)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（含鉛酸(suan)膠體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）、鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳(nie)鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（常稱之為鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）、燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學方式直接將化(hua)學能轉化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。它(ta)不(bu)經過熱機過程，因此不(bu)受卡(ka)諾循環的(de)限制，能量轉化(hua)效率高(gao)（40－60%）；幾乎不(bu)產生NOx和SOx的(de)排放。

當前市(shi)面上(shang)出現了各(ge)種掛羊頭賣狗肉的所謂的“老(lao)(lao)年(nian)代步(bu)車”，不僅混(hun)淆了老(lao)(lao)年(nian)朋友(you)的視聽，更是給駕車的老(lao)(lao)人、殘疾人帶(dai)來極大的安全隱患，各(ge)地政(zheng)府都在相(xiang)繼(ji)出臺(tai)相(xiang)關政(zheng)策法規，禁止這些“老(lao)(lao)年(nian)代步(bu)車”上(shang)路行(xing)駛。

嚴格意義上的(de)(de)(de)，真正的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)代(dai)步車(che)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)應(ying)該是從原先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)歸屬于醫療器械類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)椅(yi)(yi)車(che)演(yan)變而來(lai)，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)設計更(geng)(geng)適合老(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)人(ren)、殘疾(ji)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)駕駛習慣。而且(qie)適用人(ren)群從原先(xian)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)椅(yi)(yi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)殘疾(ji)人(ren)群擴展到了廣大(da)腿腳(jiao)不便的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)人(ren)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)設計生產(chan)均(jun)(jun)參(can)照國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)及電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)椅(yi)(yi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)，在(zai)某些參(can)數指(zhi)標方(fang)面甚至更(geng)(geng)嚴格于以上的(de)(de)(de)2個國(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)，車(che)速設計在(zai)10公(gong)里/小時之內，整(zheng)車(che)底盤高度(du)在(zai)8cm，剎車(che)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)距離在(zai)0.5米(mi)之內，從各個方(fang)面均(jun)(jun)優于原先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)椅(yi)(yi)車(che)，是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)椅(yi)(yi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)化(hua)升(sheng)級車(che)型，能(neng)夠符合廣大(da)老(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)朋友的(de)(de)(de)出行(xing)代(dai)步的(de)(de)(de)需求，同時提(ti)供更(geng)(geng)全面的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全保(bao)障。

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二、老年代步車的組成結構

一般老年代步車是由蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、電(dian)(dian)動輪(lun)轂、控制器、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器四大(da)件和(he)車體部分(fen)組成。對于安全性有更(geng)高要求的(de)臺生產(chan)廠家，則根(gen)據汽(qi)車的(de)設計(ji)思路進行整體設計(ji)，整車一般分(fen)為，電(dian)(dian)力供應系(xi)統、前橋(qiao)、后橋(qiao)、控制器、車架等幾部分(fen)。

由(you)于(yu)當(dang)前鋰電(dian)(dian)成本(ben)相對(dui)比較高，一般(ban)廠(chang)家都采用鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池，一般(ban)由(you)一組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)池都由(you)多個12V電(dian)(dian)池串聯成電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)，做為(wei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)應系統(tong)。根據國家相關規(gui)定，電(dian)(dian)動車的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓不得(de)超過48V。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輪(lun)轂(gu)分(fen)為(wei)：有刷有齒高速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動輪(lun)轂(gu)（簡(jian)稱(cheng)高速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)或有聲(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）、有刷無齒低速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動輪(lun)轂(gu)（簡(jian)稱(cheng)低速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)或無聲(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）及無刷無齒程序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（簡(jian)稱(cheng)程序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）。

控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)按控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式分(fen)類(lei)有全動型、智能(neng)型、雙(shuang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)型和非(fei)零啟動型四種類(lei)型，控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系統由主(zhu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)、儀表顯示(shi)器(qi)(qi)、調(diao)速轉把和剎車斷電把等組成，其(qi)主(zhu)要功(gong)能(neng)具(ju)有無(wu)級調(diao)速、剎車斷電保護(hu)、欠壓保護(hu)和過流(liu)保護(hu)等功(gong)能(neng)。

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)按(an)(an)輸出插頭(tou)分類(lei)有蓮花插頭(tou)式(shi)(shi)、普(pu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)插頭(tou)式(shi)(shi)、特(te)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)插頭(tou)式(shi)(shi)。按(an)(an)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能分類(lei)為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)在(zai)線維護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)、快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)在(zai)線維護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。按(an)(an)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分類(lei)為(wei)24V、36V、48V。