一、進口牛奶有巴氏奶嗎
市場上常見的液態奶(nai)(nai)主要(yao)有巴氏殺菌(jun)乳(ru)(ru)、滅菌(jun)乳(ru)(ru)和(he)調制(zhi)乳(ru)(ru),進(jin)(jin)口(kou)牛奶(nai)(nai)進(jin)(jin)入市場需(xu)要(yao)經過很(hen)多環節(jie),而巴氏殺菌(jun)乳(ru)(ru)的保質期較(jiao)短,又需(xu)要(yao)冷鏈(lian)運輸,所以進(jin)(jin)口(kou)巴氏殺菌(jun)乳(ru)(ru)很(hen)難出現在(zai)市場上,大部分進(jin)(jin)口(kou)牛奶(nai)(nai)都是(shi)高溫滅菌(jun)乳(ru)(ru),那么(me)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)牛奶(nai)(nai)有鮮奶(nai)(nai)嗎(ma)?
據了解,隨著“一帶一路(lu)”和跨(kua)境電商(shang)的(de)(de)出現,部分國(guo)外(wai)的(de)(de)巴氏奶進入中國(guo)市場的(de)(de)流(liu)程和時間縮短(duan)了,比如(ru)有(you)些(xie)海關可以(yi)提前核對申報(bao)材(cai)料,貨(huo)物運輸與審單同時進行,通關效率明顯提高;另外(wai),針(zhen)對牛奶這種(zhong)特殊(shu)貨(huo)品,檢測技(ji)術(shu)中心(xin)安排(pai)專人接送抽檢樣(yang)品,開啟檢測綠(lv)色通道,優(you)先檢驗檢測。
隨著越來越多(duo)(duo)的中(zhong)國(guo)機場(chang)口岸優(you)化巴氏奶的進口流程、縮短通(tong)關時間,未來,可能會有更(geng)多(duo)(duo)進口巴氏奶進入中(zhong)國(guo)市場(chang)。
二、進口鮮奶為什么那么貴
普(pu)通進(jin)口牛奶是高溫滅(mie)菌乳,價格并(bing)不貴(gui),很(hen)多時(shi)候比國產(chan)牛奶還便宜(yi),不過進(jin)口鮮奶的價格就貴(gui)很(hen)多了,這是為什(shen)么呢(ni)?進(jin)口鮮奶之所以貴(gui),主要有(you)兩個原(yuan)因:
1、進口鮮奶的營養價值更高
鮮奶即(ji)巴(ba)氏奶,采用的是巴(ba)氏低(di)溫滅菌(jun)法,相比(bi)高溫滅菌(jun)的常溫奶,其營(ying)養成分(fen)保留更(geng)多(duo),營(ying)養價值更(geng)高,風味口(kou)感(gan)方面保留也更(geng)全。
2、進口鮮奶運輸要求更高
和常溫運輸的進口牛奶不同,進口(kou)鮮奶的(de)(de)運輸要求是比(bi)較高的(de)(de),全程必須冷鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運輸,但是冷鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)配送在(zai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)也(ye)存在(zai)著(zhu)較大風(feng)險,影響(xiang)著(zhu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)安全。第(di)二個(ge)是供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)節點(dian)過(guo)多問題(ti)。首先,進口(kou)鮮奶供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)節點(dian)眾多,導致(zhi)進口(kou)鮮奶的(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)過(guo)高。因為供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)節點(dian)過(guo)多就會(hui)發(fa)生一旦其中(zhong)一個(ge)流程發(fa)生錯誤,整個(ge)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)就會(hui)崩潰(kui)的(de)(de)情況。其次,因為進口(kou)鮮奶供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)包含著(zhu)國內外(wai)的(de)(de)許多企業與(yu)商(shang)(shang)家,因此(ci)每一個(ge)流程中(zhong)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)家都(dou)以自身利益最大化為導向從而忽(hu)視供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)最終的(de)(de)結果,其結果便是每一個(ge)環節的(de)(de)利潤層層疊(die)加,最終到達(da)消(xiao)費者手中(zhong)時(shi)價(jia)格(ge)偏高。