一、危險化學品泄漏特點

化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)（危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)）泄(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)性(xing)十分嚴(yan)重，可(ke)能(neng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)爆(bao)炸(zha)、火(huo)災等事(shi)(shi)(shi)故，致使當場及(ji)附(fu)近(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員傷(shang)亡，給(gei)國(guo)家和人(ren)(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)命(ming)財(cai)產造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)嚴(yan)重損(sun)失，對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)不可(ke)挽回的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)具有(you)如下特點：危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)漏(lou)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故受泄(xie)漏(lou)處(chu)(chu)開口大(da)(da)小、泄(xie)漏(lou)速度、泄(xie)漏(lou)總量、泄(xie)漏(lou)途(tu)徑及(ji)氣(qi)象條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響而(er)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波及(ji)范圍不同(tong)。但(dan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)比其(qi)(qi)它災害(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故擴(kuo)(kuo)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍廣、面積大(da)(da)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)漏(lou)中(zhong)有(you)毒(du)(du)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)速擴(kuo)(kuo)散，使眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員中(zhong)毒(du)(du)傷(shang)亡。如京滬高速曾經發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.29事(shi)(shi)(shi)故，最(zui)后(hou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)28人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)死亡，多(duo)達350人(ren)(ren)(ren)員住院治(zhi)療，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)270人(ren)(ren)(ren)留院觀(guan)察，緊急疏散人(ren)(ren)(ren)數多(duo)達15000余人(ren)(ren)(ren)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)漏(lou)，并非像普通事(shi)(shi)(shi)故一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)性(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)但(dan)發(fa)生(sheng)，其(qi)(qi)災情(qing)(qing)基(ji)本(ben)不會在（再）發(fa)生(sheng)突變，而(er)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)漏(lou)，其(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情(qing)(qing)況隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)能(neng)發(fa)生(sheng)突變，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失與危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)，因(yin)為危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)漏(lou)只(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個開始(shi)，如果沒有(you)進行有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制與防護(hu)，其(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)將會隨著時(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（推移）發(fa)生(sheng)突變。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)漏(lou)具有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隱(yin)蔽性(xing)，其(qi)(qi)泄(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)，可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)汽（氣(qi)）體(ti)(ti)和液體(ti)(ti)等多(duo)種形(xing)式，因(yin)為是(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)大(da)(da)部分是(shi)有(you)毒(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質，可(ke)以(yi)在短時(shi)(shi)(shi)內危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)，更可(ke)能(neng)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)命(ming)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，但(dan)在事(shi)(shi)(shi)故處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)，對(dui)(dui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員或現場人(ren)(ren)(ren)員形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)永久(jiu)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)傷(shang)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在對(dui)(dui)現場處(chu)(chu)理(li)過程中(zhong)，有(you)些(xie)操(cao)作(zuo)是(shi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)相當極高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，比如說堵漏(lou)、關(guan)閥與液體(ti)(ti)稀釋(shi)都有(you)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、如何應對化學品泄漏

1、危險(xian)化學品發生泄漏(lou)，要(yao)用濕毛巾(jin)捂住口(kou)鼻，及時撤離(li)現(xian)場，然后報警。

2、不要(yao)在事發(fa)地點(dian)周圍(wei)逗留(liu)，不開燈，不要(yao)動電器，以免(mian)產生(sheng)(sheng)火(huo)花導致爆(bao)炸(zha)；熄滅火(huo)種，關閥斷氣，以防發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)火(huo)災或(huo)爆(bao)炸(zha)。

3、發現被遺棄的化學品，不要(yao)撿拾，應立(li)即撥打報(bao)警電話，說清(qing)具體(ti)位(wei)置、包(bao)裝標志(zhi)、大致數量以及(ji)是否有氣味等(deng)情況。

4、遇到危險(xian)化學品(pin)運輸車(che)輛發(fa)生事故，應(ying)盡快(kuai)離開(kai)事故現場，撤(che)離到上風口(kou)位置，不圍(wei)觀(guan)并立即(ji)撥打報警電話。

5、居民小區施工過程中挖掘出(chu)有異味的(de)土壤時，應(ying)立即撤離(li)并撥(bo)打電話報(bao)警，在異味土壤清走之前(qian)，周圍(wei)居民和單(dan)位不要(yao)開窗通風。