位于離平度市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)區約(yue)30公里(li)的古峴鎮大朱毛村一帶,因(yin)(yin)古墨(mo)水河得名(ming)即(ji)墨(mo)。戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)屬(shu)齊(qi)(qi)邑,秦時(shi)(shi)置縣(xian),西漢時(shi)(shi)為膠東(dong)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)都城(cheng)(cheng),又因(yin)(yin)膠東(dong)國(guo)(guo)康王(wang)都此,人稱(cheng)“康王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)”。東(dong)漢時(shi)(shi)期,膠東(dong)與即(ji)墨(mo)分治。北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)天保七年(公元556年)裁撤(che)即(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian),該城(cheng)(cheng)逐漸傾(qing)圮。
即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)春(chun)秋(qiu)戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期齊(qi)(qi)邑(yi)。因(yin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)臨墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)水,故(gu)(gu)曰即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo);后世因(yin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)朱毛村,《左傳》襄公(gong)六(liu)年(nian)(公(gong)元前567年(nian)):“十一月,齊(qi)(qi)侯(hou)滅萊(lai)(lai)”,乃(nai)(nai)建此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)原萊(lai)(lai)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)中,北依群山(shan),南控芥莒(ju)。田(tian)齊(qi)(qi)置邑(yi),封(feng)重(zhong)臣為即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)大(da)(da)夫(fu)。春(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)期,齊(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)朱毛曾居(ju)于(yu)(yu)此,故(gu)(gu)有俗稱“朱毛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”; 后因(yin)西(xi)漢(han)(han)康王(wang)劉寄封(feng)于(yu)(yu)此,又稱“康王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。 即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建于(yu)(yu)春(chun)秋(qiu)后期,戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)代(dai)發展成為齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)東部(今(jin)膠(jiao)(jiao)東半島(dao)地(di)(di)區)的政治經濟文化中心。據《史記·田(tian)敬(jing)仲(zhong)完(wan)世家》,齊(qi)(qi)威王(wang)因(yin)左右對即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)大(da)(da)夫(fu)毀言(yan)日至,乃(nai)(nai)“使人視即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)”,見(jian)“田(tian)野辟,民人給(gei),官無留(liu)事(shi)(shi)(shi),東方(fang)以(yi)寧”,知即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)大(da)(da)夫(fu)不事(shi)(shi)(shi)其左右以(yi)求譽,因(yin)“封(feng)之(zhi)萬家”。齊(qi)(qi)滑王(wang)時(shi),樂毅(yi)破齊(qi)(qi)70余(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),唯莒(ju)和即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)未下,田(tian)單走安平(ping),守即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),大(da)(da)擺(bai)火(huo)牛陣以(yi)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)破燕軍,盡復齊(qi)(qi)之(zhi)失地(di)(di)。這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)歷史上著名的“田(tian)單破燕”事(shi)(shi)(shi)件。秦滅六(liu)國(guo)(guo),以(yi)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為郡治設(she)膠(jiao)(jiao)東郡。項(xiang)羽分齊(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)為三,以(yi)古即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為都,設(she)膠(jiao)(jiao)東國(guo)(guo)。西(xi)漢(han)(han)前期三封(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)東王(wang),康王(wang)劉寄及其子孫(sun),傳國(guo)(guo)直至西(xi)漢(han)(han)之(zhi)末。后歷東漢(han)(han)、魏晉(jin)、十六(liu)國(guo)(guo),直到北齊(qi)(qi)天保七年(nian)(556年(nian)) 即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)廢縣(xian)。隋(sui)開皇十六(liu)年(nian)(596年(nian))重(zhong)設(she)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)縣(xian),移縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)舊不其縣(xian)境,即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)今(jin)之(zhi)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)市(shi)區。 現存(cun)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址系西(xi)漢(han)(han)膠(jiao)(jiao)東王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),地(di)(di)面有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻遺(yi)存(cun),分內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南北長5公(gong)里, 東西(xi)寬(kuan)2.5公(gong)里; 東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻殘存(cun)1000余(yu)米(mi), 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)寬(kuan)約40米(mi)、高約5米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內“金鑾殿”、“梳妝樓”、“點將臺”、“養魚池”等至今(jin)尚存(cun)遺(yi)跡。 即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)下不斷有珍貴文物出土(tu)。
民(min)國年間(jian)曾(ceng)出土一窟古錢幣,多(duo)達20車。
1986年(nian)冬,出(chu)土“燕明字刀(dao)幣”達28公(gong)斤,另出(chu)土有弩機、銅舫、劍、戈、刀(dao)、幣等。
故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南北長約(yue)(yue)5公里,東西寬約(yue)(yue)2.5公里。尚遺存(cun)(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)千(qian)余(yu)(yu)米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基寬約(yue)(yue)40余(yu)(yu)米,高約(yue)(yue)5米,全為夯土(tu)板筑(zhu)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)金(jin)鑾(luan)殿、點將臺、東西倉、貯(zhu)貨(huo)灣、養魚池、梳妝樓等(deng)遺跡。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一帶常有(you)銅(tong)器(qi)、鐵(tie)器(qi)等(deng)文物出(chu)土(tu)。故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北的群(qun)山峰上,古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)蜿(wan)蜒30多華(hua)里,有(you)400余(yu)(yu)座。墓(mu)(mu)葬之(zhi)多,墓(mu)(mu)之(zhi)高大均屬罕見。當時的運糧河(即今小沽(gu)河),通過東南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門洞(dong) ,可(ke)直接駛入貯(zhu)貨(huo)灣內(nei)(nei),至今城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)缺口尚存(cun)(cun)。
即墨故(gu)城素有(you)“朱毛(mao)城,臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)土”之稱。傳(chuan)說當(dang)年建(jian)城墻所有(you)的(de)(de)磚瓦,都(dou)是人工(gong)從臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)遞過來的(de)(de)。當(dang)地“二(er)貞(zhen)廟”、“洗(xi)心河”等(deng)(deng)類似孟姜女的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說,反映了當(dang)時百(bai)姓不堪于苦役的(de)(de)心理。故(gu)城墻一帶(dai)常有(you)文物出(chu)土,如銅鈁、弩機、戈、劍、刀幣、鐵錢范等(deng)(deng)。
1984年,即墨(mo)故城遺(yi)址被(bei)青島市政府列為(wei)市級(ji)文物保護單(dan)位。
1992年(nian),山東省人民政府公布其為(wei)省級文物(wu)保護單位。
2001年,國(guo)務(wu)院公布為第五批全(quan)國(guo)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位。
即墨故城是(shi)歷(li)史上(shang)不(bu)少朝代(dai)(dai)王(wang)(wang)、候的(de)(de)(de)陪都和(he)封地(di),是(shi)膠(jiao)東名城,在一(yi)千多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)時間里。前后共(gong)有(you)八(ba)王(wang)(wang)、六(liu)侯、一(yi)相治(zhi)此。這些王(wang)(wang)公(gong)貴(gui)族的(de)(de)(de)墓群大(da)(da)多(duo)都建在距即墨故城十(shi)公(gong)里左右遠的(de)(de)(de)六(liu)曲(qu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈上(shang),形(xing)成(cheng)了一(yi)個(ge)(ge)規模宏大(da)(da)、蔚偉 壯觀的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)墓群--六(liu)曲(qu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)墓群。 六(liu)曲(qu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)墓群,東起龍虎山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),西(xi)至(zhi)窟窿(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),蜿蜒近(jin)十(shi)五公(gong)里,分(fen)(fen)別(bie)在古(gu)峴(xian)、云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、麻蘭鎮的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)村的(de)(de)(de)三(san)十(shi)余(yu)個(ge)(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)(tou)上(shang),共(gong)有(you)三(san)百六(liu)十(shi)余(yu)座(zuo),絕大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)漢代(dai)(dai)墓,其(qi)中(zhong)大(da)(da)型墓二十(shi)余(yu)座(zuo),中(zhong)型墓六(liu)十(shi)余(yu)座(zuo),其(qi)余(yu)為(wei)(wei)小型墓。其(qi)中(zhong)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)西(xi)漢景帝之子康王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)康王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen),墳(fen)(fen)頭(tou)(tou)之大(da)(da),大(da)(da)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,坐落(luo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂,下部(bu)(bu)有(you)排水(shui)洞(dong),均用石頭(tou)(tou)砌成(cheng),其(qi)遺墟(xu)尚存,整個(ge)(ge)康王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)占地(di)約(yue)二、三(san)十(shi)畝,整體呈上(shang)窄下寬的(de)(de)(de)“凸”字(zi)形(xing),墳(fen)(fen)高四十(shi)余(yu)米(mi)。通過實(shi)地(di)考據(ju),當年修筑康王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)時將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂夷為(wei)(wei)平(ping)地(di)并深(shen)挖(wa)殯埋(mai)后再依(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢堆積而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,其(qi)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)有(you)一(yi)平(ping)整地(di)塊,長約(yue)百米(mi),寬約(yue)八(ba)十(shi)米(mi)。四周整齊,呈方形(xing),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)已被農民種植時令農作物(wu)。墳(fen)(fen)頭(tou)(tou)坐落(luo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂,土質(zhi)堅硬結實(shi),與自然(ran)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)(tou)有(you)很大(da)(da)不(bu)同(tong),一(yi)座(zuo)康王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)竟大(da)(da)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,足見(jian)墳(fen)(fen)墓之大(da)(da),地(di)下寶(bao)物(wu)之豐厚。民間一(yi)直(zhi)有(you)“打開康王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東不(bu)受(shou)貧”之說。
在康王墳(fen)山(shan)坡(po)前(qian)(qian),修有(you)(you)康陵寺,據當(dang)代村(cun)民講,康陵寺建于漢朝,距今兩千多年。乾隆四(si)(si)十(shi)年(公元一七七五年)重修,佛(fo)殿(dian)門(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)壯(zhuang)觀的(de)(de)大匾,宏偉(wei)的(de)(de)大山(shan)門(men)(men),有(you)(you)和尚(shang)撞鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)鐘(zhong)樓(lou),有(you)(you)燒香(xiang)(xiang)火的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)檀。分(fen)東西二(er)廂(xiang),東廂(xiang)住和尚(shang),西廂(xiang)住尼姑(gu),分(fen)前(qian)(qian)后二(er)殿(dian),前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)三(san)間,塑(su)(su)有(you)(you)四(si)(si)大天王,八(ba)大金剛像(xiang),惟妙惟肖.后殿(dian)五間,塑(su)(su)有(you)(you)西天活佛(fo),十(shi)八(ba)羅漢,形象逼真。此廟興盛于世,聞名(ming)百里,前(qian)(qian)來降香(xiang)(xiang)祁(qi)福者眾。可惜(xi)在一九四(si)(si)一年被(bei)土頑李德元部拆毀。
六曲山古墓群在(zai)1978年被公(gong)(gong)布為(wei)省級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。2001年又被國務院公(gong)(gong)布為(wei)國家級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)文物 保護(hu)單位(wei)。