一、辣木籽種植技術

1、辣木籽種植條件

對(dui)環境的(de)(de)要求(qiu)是，辣(la)木(mu)適宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫19℃以上，年降水量500---3500㎜，全年無霜(shuang)或(huo)微霜(shuang)，pH在(zai)(zai)4.0～9.0的(de)(de)較干的(de)(de)沙泥土壤地(di)生長。我國的(de)(de)云南干熱(re)河谷地(di)區(qu)、廣(guang)東(dong)、海南和臺灣省的(de)(de)大多數地(di)區(qu)適宜(yi)種植辣(la)木(mu)。

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2、辣木種植方式

整地定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時可采用(yong)(yong)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)：一是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)直播(bo)方式(shi)。即將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)直接播(bo)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴內，覆土1.5～2cm。二是采用(yong)(yong)育苗(miao)(miao)移(yi)栽方式(shi)。即采用(yong)(yong)營養杯育苗(miao)(miao)，移(yi)栽時，注意(yi)保(bao)護(hu)幼根。三(san)是苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)培育法：先將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)水泡4--5小(xiao)時，沙(sha)鋪(pu)成地塊充分濕潤(run)，將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)散播(bo)在沙(sha)面(mian)再蓋上少許沙(sha)保(bao)持沙(sha)土濕潤(run)，直到(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發芽后幾天移(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)營養杯中培育。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)要根據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目的而定，如采摘嫩葉食用(yong)(yong)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)可大些(xie)，采摘豆莢或種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的可適當小(xiao)些(xie)。

3、辣木籽種植養護

肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水管理辣木的需水量不大，在幼苗時期(qi)只要(yao)(yao)保持適(shi)當(dang)濕度(du)即(ji)可(ke)，干旱季(ji)節要(yao)(yao)適(shi)當(dang)灌(guan)水，以利于(yu)生(sheng)長。辣木耐貧瘠，一(yi)般(ban)可(ke)以不施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，但為(wei)了(le)促進生(sheng)長、提高(gao)產(chan)量、有(you)利于(yu)產(chan)后樹(shu)勢(shi)恢復和樹(shu)體越冬。在采摘豆(dou)莢前，可(ke)每(mei)隔15～30d施(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%～0.5%的復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水液，或在植株(zhu)四周挖(wa)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)入有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或灶灰。幼樹(shu)期(qi)以淺施(shi)(shi)(shi)、輪施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)宜;成年樹(shu)適(shi)當(dang)深(shen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)采取點施(shi)(shi)(shi)、條溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)和放射溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)等方法。

4、辣木病蟲害防治

辣木(mu)的(de)病(bing)蟲(chong)主要(yao)有蝶(die)類幼蟲(chong)、紅(hong)蜘蛛、潛葉蠅和(he)尺蠼，但危害較輕。防(fang)治(zhi)方法：用(yong)(yong)手工摘除病(bing)葉，或用(yong)(yong)阿(a)維菌素2000倍(bei)液防(fang)治(zhi)紅(hong)蜘蛛，用(yong)(yong)抑太保、卡(ka)死克等常用(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑防(fang)治(zhi)蝶(die)類幼蟲(chong)。辣木(mu)的(de)主要(yao)病(bing)害有根腐(fu)病(bing)和(he)白(bai)粉病(bing)。防(fang)治(zhi)方法：在苗期(qi)要(yao)防(fang)止積水或澆水太多。也可用(yong)(yong)粉銹寧、甲基托布(bu)津等藥(yao)劑防(fang)治(zhi)。

二、辣木籽種子怎么種植

1、挑選種子

并不是所有的辣(la)木樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子都(dou)能(neng)(neng)發芽。選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)要將未成熟的、患(huan)病或生蟲的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子挑出來，用(yong)健(jian)康(kang)飽滿的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更容(rong)易生長。另外，當年采(cai)收的新鮮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發育(yu)率更高，能(neng)(neng)達(da)(da)到90%左右，老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子只能(neng)(neng)達(da)(da)到60%。

2、催芽處理

辣木樹的種(zhong)子有(you)一(yi)層殼(ke)，這(zhe)層殼(ke)可以去掉，但不(bu)去掉也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)影響(xiang)發芽(ya)率(lv)。催芽(ya)一(yi)般采用(yong)多菌(jun)靈、高(gao)猛酸鉀(jia)或溫水浸泡(pao)三種(zhong)方(fang)法。多菌(jun)靈需要兌1000倍水做成稀釋液，種(zhong)子浸泡(pao)4個(ge)小時(shi)，這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法的發芽(ya)率(lv)更高(gao)一(yi)些(xie)。

3、盆土配制

辣(la)木樹(shu)對(dui)于生長(chang)(chang)環(huan)境的適應性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)，比較(jiao)(jiao)容易生長(chang)(chang)。但(dan)想(xiang)要長(chang)(chang)得(de)更好，要用疏(shu)松肥沃的土壤(rang)(rang)。土壤(rang)(rang)粘性(xing)不宜(yi)過大，否則會導致(zhi)根(gen)須呼吸不暢(chang)，一般用沙質土栽種(zhong)為(wei)宜(yi)。

4、進行栽種

栽種(zhong)的時間宜(yi)在(zai)春季，一般在(zai)12月采種(zhong)后，等到(dao)第二年(nian)開(kai)春即(ji)可播(bo)下(xia)。將種(zhong)子放在(zai)盆(pen)土(tu)上，輕(qing)輕(qing)按壓，深度在(zai)2厘(li)米(mi)左右即(ji)可。播(bo)種(zhong)后澆(jiao)一次透(tou)水，然(ran)后可以(yi)用(yong)塑料(liao)薄(bo)膜將其封(feng)閉起(qi)來(lai)，起(qi)到(dao)保溫保濕(shi)的作(zuo)用(yong)。一般一周(zhou)后即(ji)可出芽(ya)，然(ran)后放到(dao)陰涼處養護(hu)。