原名范文(wen)穆公祠,位(wei)于市(shi)郊石湖(hu)行春橋畔茶磨嶼下,1963年(nian)被列為蘇州市(shi)文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。
范成(cheng)大(da)(1126-1193),字致能,號石(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)居士。漢族,平江吳(wu)(wu)郡(jun)(郡(jun)治在今江蘇吳(wu)(wu)縣(xian))人(ren)(ren)。南宋詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)。他陸游、楊(yang)萬(wan)里、尤袤(mao)合稱(cheng)"中興(xing)四(si)大(da)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)"。官至(zhi)參(can)知政事(shi)、資政殿大(da)學士。曾奉(feng)命出使(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)邦,堅強不屈,不辱使(shi)(shi)(shi)命,幾乎被殺。使(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)途中所(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)行詩(shi)(shi),表達了渴望(wang)國(guo)家統一(yi)(yi)的(de)強烈愛(ai)國(guo)主義思想。石(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)是(shi)范大(da)成(cheng)歸隱之地,依隨(sui)地勢高下,建造(zao)亭臺樓榭,遍栽花(hua)木,有(you)千巖觀(guan)、天鏡閣、盟(meng)鷗亭、玉(yu)雪(xue)坡、農圃堂諸勝(sheng)。宋孝宗題"石(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)"二字賜之,遂有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)別(bie)墅之稱(cheng)。別(bie)墅因人(ren)(ren)而名盛,與湖(hu)(hu)山風光相(xiang)得益彰,為時(shi)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)傾(qing)倒,競相(xiang)賦詩(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)文,成(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)時(shi)盛事(shi)。淳熙(xi)十三(san)年(1186年),范成(cheng)大(da)在石(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)所(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)《四(si)時(shi)田(tian)園(yuan)雜(za)興(xing)六(liu)(liu)十首》,是(shi)他一(yi)(yi)生田(tian)園(yuan)詩(shi)(shi)的(de)代表作(zuo)(zuo)。著(zhu)有(you)《石(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)集》一(yi)(yi)百三(san)十六(liu)(liu)卷及(ji)《驂鸞錄(lu)》、《吳(wu)(wu)船錄(lu)》、《桂海虞(yu)衡志》、《吳(wu)(wu)郡(jun)志》等(deng)。
范(fan)成(cheng)大的石(shi)湖(hu)別(bie)墅歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)久(jiu)遠,早(zao)已湮沒。明正德十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1520年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),御史(shi)盧雍于(yu)石(shi)湖(hu)茶磨山北(bei)、行春橋南建(jian)范(fan)文穆(mu)公(gong)祠(ci),以紀念范(fan)成(cheng)大。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),將范(fan)成(cheng)大手書《四時(shi)田園(yuan)雜(za)興(xing)六十(shi)首》摹(mo)刻(ke)石(shi)碑,嵌于(yu)祠(ci)壁。萬歷四十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1612年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))參(can)議范(fan)允臨重(zhong)建(jian)。崇(chong)禎十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巡撫張國維修(xiu)(xiu)。清乾隆間宮廷畫家、蘇州人徐楊所作《盛世滋長圖》中(zhong),繪有(you)祠(ci)宇全貌(mao),依山臨湖(hu),規模頗宏。嘉慶三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1798年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))范(fan)來宗有(you)修(xiu)(xiu)。同治年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)根源先生前往訪古時(shi),尚有(you)祠(ci)宇三進,享(xiang)堂正中(zhong)供有(you)范(fan)文穆(mu)公(gong)神(shen)主。伺候(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)久(jiu)失修(xiu)(xiu),日漸傾圮(pi)。從1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起,開(kai)始全面整修(xiu)(xiu)祠(ci)宇,并將西南側(ce)海潮寺(si)劃入,1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)竣工開(kai)放(fang),成(cheng)為石(shi)湖(hu)風景(jing)區的主要景(jing)點之一。
修復一新的范(fan)成(cheng)(cheng)大祠背山(shan)(shan)面湖,東向,有祠門(men)、享堂(tang)兩進(jin),左(zuo)右以廊相(xiang)連(lian),中為庭(ting)院。祠門(men)額"范(fan)文穆公祠",面闊(kuo)三(san)間,硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)。享堂(tang)面闊(kuo)三(san)間16米,進(jin)深(shen)8米,硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)。堂(tang)內(nei)懸"壽櫟堂(tang)"匾,有范(fan)成(cheng)(cheng)大塑(su)像。左(zuo)右壁間嵌明代(dai)石刻田園詩(shi)碑(bei)七方,詩(shi)、書(shu)、刻俱佳,堪(kan)稱珍品。