一、工夫紅茶有哪些品種

中國工夫紅茶品類多、產地廣。按地區命名的(de)有滇紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、祁門(men)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、浮梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、寧紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、宜紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、湘江工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、閩紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)（含(han)坦洋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、白琳工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、政和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)）、川紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、越紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、臺灣(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、江蘇(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及粵紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)等(deng)。按品種又分為大葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)小(xiao)(xiao)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。大葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶(cha)是(shi)以喬木或半喬木茶(cha)樹(shu)鮮葉制(zhi)成；小(xiao)(xiao)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶(cha)是(shi)以灌木型小(xiao)(xiao)葉種茶(cha)樹(shu)鮮葉為原料制(zhi)成的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶(cha)。

二、工夫紅茶的品質特征

工夫紅茶的品質特點是外形條索細緊，色澤烏潤。沖泡后，湯色、葉底紅亮，香氣馥郁，滋味甜醇。因采制地區不同，茶樹品種有異，制作技術不一，因而，又有祁紅、滇紅、寧紅、川紅、閩紅、湖紅、越紅之分，每種紅茶都有其獨特之處！

1、祁紅

祁(qi)門紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)，中國歷史名(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)。著名(ming)(ming)紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)精(jing)品(pin)，簡稱祁(qi)紅(hong)，產于安徽省祁(qi)門、東至、貴池、石(shi)臺(tai)、黟(yi)縣，以及江(jiang)西的(de)浮梁一帶(dai)。“祁(qi)紅(hong)特絕群芳(fang)最，清譽(yu)高香(xiang)不二(er)門。”祁(qi)門紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)中的(de)極(ji)品(pin)，享(xiang)有盛譽(yu)，是(shi)(shi)英國女王和王室的(de)至愛飲品(pin)，高香(xiang)美譽(yu)，香(xiang)名(ming)(ming)遠播(bo)，美稱“群芳(fang)最”、“紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)皇后”。

2、滇紅

滇(dian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)是(shi)云(yun)南紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)的統稱，分為滇(dian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)工夫(fu)茶(cha)和滇(dian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)碎茶(cha)兩種。

滇紅(hong)工夫：茶芽葉(xie)肥壯，金毫顯露,湯色紅(hong)艷(yan)，香氣高醇，滋味濃厚。

滇紅碎茶(cha)：又稱滇紅分級茶(cha)，其外形均(jun)勻，色(se)(se)澤烏(wu)潤，滋味濃烈(lie)，香氣(qi)鮮銳(rui)，湯色(se)(se)紅亮。

3、寧紅

寧紅(hong)工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)我(wo)國獨特的傳統功夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)之一。以其特有的風格而稱譽于世，素以條(tiao)索緊結(jie)秀麗、金毫顯露、鋒苗挺(ting)拔、色澤烏潤、香高持久、葉底紅(hong)亮、滋味濃薄和(he)鮮爽而馳(chi)名中外。

4、閩紅

閩紅(hong)工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)系(xi)政(zheng)和工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、坦洋工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)和白琳工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)的統(tong)稱(cheng)，均系(xi)福建特產(chan)。三(san)種(zhong)工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)產(chan)地不同、品(pin)種(zhong)不同、品(pin)質(zhi)風格不同，但各自擁有自己的消費愛好者，盛(sheng)興百年而不衰。

（1）政和工夫

政(zheng)和(he)功夫是(shi)“閩紅”三大功夫之(zhi)一，政(zheng)和(he)工夫產于(yu)閩北，以政(zheng)和(he)縣(xian)為主(zhu)，松溪以及浙江的慶(qing)元地區所產紅毛茶，亦集中政(zheng)和(he)加工。基(ji)本制法源于(yu)武夷(yi)“正山小(xiao)種(zhong)”而又有(you)所改進，原料產地環(huan)境(jing)與茶樹品種(zhong)也與正山小(xiao)種(zhong)有(you)所不同，因而形成(cheng)自(zi)己的獨特(te)風格。成(cheng)品茶條索肥壯重實、勻齊，色(se)(se)澤烏(wu)黑(hei)油(you)潤，毫芽顯露金黃色(se)(se)，頗為美(mei)觀(guan);香氣濃郁芬芳，隱(yin)約(yue)之(zhi)間頗似紫羅蘭香氣，湯色(se)(se)紅艷，滋味(wei)醇厚。

（2）坦洋工夫

坦(tan)洋(yang)(yang)工(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)是(shi)“閩紅(hong)”三大功夫(fu)(fu)之一(yi)，曾以(yi)產地(di)分(fen)布最(zui)廣，產量、出口量最(zui)多而(er)名(ming)列“閩紅(hong)”之首。坦(tan)洋(yang)(yang)工(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)分(fen)布較(jiao)廣，主(zhu)產福安、拓榮(rong)、壽(shou)寧、周寧、霞(xia)浦及屏南(nan)北部等地(di)。有“紅(hong)衣(yi)佳(jia)人”美稱的(de)坦(tan)洋(yang)(yang)工(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)，其外形條索(suo)，緊結圓(yuan)直，色(se)澤烏潤，茶(cha)(cha)毫細細，略顯金(jin)黃，香(xiang)氣高爽，湯色(se)明亮(liang)，滋味(wei)醇厚，適于(yu)清飲。也可調成檸檬(meng)茶(cha)(cha)、奶(nai)(nai)茶(cha)(cha)、玫(mei)瑰紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)、冰紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)，還可以(yi)用濃香(xiang)型的(de)高度(du)醇酒調配成奶(nai)(nai)酒茶(cha)(cha)。

（3）白琳工夫

白琳(lin)工(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)產(chan)于福(fu)鼎縣(xian)太姥山白琳(lin)、湖林一帶。以主產(chan)地福(fu)鼎白琳(lin)命名，其以高超的純手工(gong)(gong)制作技藝和(he)(he)獨特、優秀的產(chan)質，其外(wai)形條索細長(chang)彎曲，茸毫多(duo)呈顆(ke)粒絨球狀，色(se)澤黃(huang)黑，內(nei)質湯色(se)淺亮，香氣鮮(xian)純有毫香，味清(qing)鮮(xian)甜和(he)(he)，葉底(di)鮮(xian)紅帶黃(huang)。曾與福(fu)安(an)縣(xian)“坦洋工(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)”，政(zheng)和(he)(he)縣(xian)“政(zheng)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)”并列為“閩紅三大工(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶”而(er)馳(chi)名中外(wai)。

5、湖紅

主產湖南省安化、桃源(yuan)、漣(lian)源(yuan)、邵陽、平(ping)江、瀏(liu)陽、長沙等縣市。湖紅工夫以(yi)安化工夫為代表，外形條索緊(jin)結尚(shang)肥實，香氣高，滋(zi)味(wei)醇厚，湯色濃(nong)，葉底紅稍(shao)暗。平(ping)江工夫香高，但欠勻凈(jing)。

6、越紅

越紅工夫系浙江省出產的工夫紅茶，以(yi)條索緊結挺直，得實勻齊，鋒、苗、顯，凈度高的優美外形(xing)(xing)稱著。越紅(hong)工夫茶索緊細挺直，色(se)澤烏(wu)潤，外形(xing)(xing)優美，內質香味純正，湯色(se)紅(hong)亮較淺，葉底稍暗。越紅(hong)毫色(se)銀白(bai)或灰白(bai)。

7、粵紅

粵紅工夫，產于廣東，最著名的產地是英德，又以英紅九號最為知名。它是英(ying)(ying)德紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)和(he)阿薩姆種的(de)雜交(jiao)產物，而英(ying)(ying)德紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)，又是云南(nan)大葉(xie)種和(he)廣東鳳(feng)凰單叢(cong)群體種的(de)交(jiao)雜后代，所以英(ying)(ying)紅(hong)九號有大葉(xie)種茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)特點，滋味濃厚，加(jia)了糖和(he)奶后，味道更佳。

8、蘇紅

江蘇紅茶，亦稱“蘇紅”、“宜興紅茶”，產于江蘇宜興，經常被誤稱為“宜紅”。宜興(xing)紅(hong)(hong)茶(cha)，采摘小(xiao)葉(xie)種(zhong)茶(cha)樹制作，條索緊結，色(se)澤烏(wu)潤，湯色(se)紅(hong)(hong)亮(liang)，甜香芬芳，滋(zi)味醇厚，葉(xie)底紅(hong)(hong)亮(liang)多嫩莖(jing)。

9、川紅

川紅，產于四川省宜賓市等地，創制于20世紀50年代，比滇紅更晚。川紅(hong)(hong)問(wen)世以來，在國(guo)際市場上享有較高的(de)聲譽，多年來暢銷(xiao)蘇聯、法國(guo)、英國(guo)、德國(guo)及羅馬尼亞等國(guo)，堪(kan)稱中國(guo)工夫紅(hong)(hong)茶的(de)后起之秀。條(tiao)索肥壯圓(yuan)緊(jin)、顯金(jin)毫、色(se)澤烏黑油潤、香氣清(qing)鮮(xian)帶枯糖香，滋(zi)味醇(chun)厚鮮(xian)爽，湯色(se)濃亮，葉底厚軟(ruan)紅勻(yun)。

10、宜紅

宜紅工夫，主產于湖北鄂西山區的宜昌、恩施兩地區，起源于19世紀中葉，至今有百余年歷史。條索緊細(xi)有毫，色澤烏潤，香氣甜純，滋(zi)味醇厚(hou)，湯(tang)色紅(hong)亮，葉底柔軟。宜(yi)(yi)紅工夫(fu)，簡稱宜(yi)(yi)紅，容易(yi)混淆成江蘇(su)宜(yi)(yi)興紅茶。