是嶺南(nan)現(xian)存歷史較長、規模較大(da)(da)的(de)道(dao)教建(jian)(jian)筑。據(ju)史書記載(zai)為東晉時南(nan)海太守鮑(bao)靚所建(jian)(jian),明代(dai)萬歷年間重(zhong)修時始稱(cheng)三(san)元(yuan)宮。三(san)元(yuan)宮坐北朝南(nan),在(zai)越(yue)秀(xiu)山(shan)南(nan)麓(lu),依山(shan)而建(jian)(jian),漸次升(sheng)高,現(xian)存各(ge)殿(dian)(dian)堂建(jian)(jian)筑總面積約2000平方米,布局以(yi)正(zheng)對山(shan)門(men)的(de)三(san)元(yuan)殿(dian)(dian)為中心,殿(dian)(dian)前拜廊,東西連鐘鼓樓(lou)。大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)后為老群殿(dian)(dian),大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)兩側自南(nan)向北,東側為客堂、齋堂、舊祖(zu)(zu)堂、呂祖(zu)(zu)殿(dian)(dian);西側缽(bo)堂、新(xin)祖(zu)(zu)堂、鮑(bao)姑殿(dian)(dian)等建(jian)(jian)筑。
1989年(nian)12月(yue)廣州市人民政府公布為文物保護(hu)單位。
廣州三(san)(san)元宮(gong)(gong)道教(jiao)著名宮(gong)(gong)觀。在廣東省廣州市(shi)越(yue)秀(xiu)山(shan)南(nan)麓。始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)東晉元帝大興二年(nian)(319),初名越(yue)崗院,為南(nan)海太(tai)守鮑(bao)靚之女鮑(bao)姑(gu)修(xiu)道行醫之所,因地處市(shi)北,后(hou)人(ren)又稱“北廟”,明代(dai)崇禎十(shi)六年(nian)(1643)改(gai)建(jian)(jian)后(hou)更(geng)名三(san)(san)元宮(gong)(gong),主祀(si)上、中、下(xia)三(san)(san)元大帝;清(qing)代(dai)康熙三(san)(san)十(shi)九年(nian)(1700)時(shi)任主持杜陽棣在平南(nan)王(wang)尚(shang)可(ke)喜等(deng)人(ren)的資助下(xia),先后(hou)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)山(shan)門(men)靈(ling)官殿(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)元殿(dian)(dian)、鐘鼓樓(lou)、呂祖(zu)殿(dian)(dian)、鮑(bao)姑(gu)殿(dian)(dian)、老君殿(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)、斗姥及(ji)道舍等(deng)建(jian)(jian)筑,使(shi)三(san)(san)元宮(gong)(gong)規模宏偉,殿(dian)(dian)宇巍峨,遂成為嶺南(nan)著名道教(jiao)宮(gong)(gong)觀。乾隆、同治、光緒(xu)年(nian)間均有不(bu)同程度的修(xiu)葺。
抗(kang)日戰爭期(qi)間,該宮殘遭破壞,后(hou)不(bu)久又(you)(you)得住(zhu)持(chi)何誠(cheng)瑞募化重(zhong)修;“文革”中,此宮再遭破壞,從1982年(nian)起廣(guang)州道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)界開始對(dui)其進行全面地(di)修復,現有靈(ling)官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)、三元大殿(dian)(dian)、鮑姑殿(dian)(dian)、呂祖殿(dian)(dian)、玉(yu)皇殿(dian)(dian)、老君殿(dian)(dian)及(ji)道(dao)(dao)舍(she)等道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)建筑近(jin)百間,宮內終年(nian)香(xiang)客游(you)人絡繹不(bu)絕,四季花草飄(piao)香(xiang),香(xiang)火旺勝(sheng),既是(shi)廣(guang)州市一大旅(lv)游(you)勝(sheng)地(di),又(you)(you)是(shi)嶺南著名的道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)官(guan)觀(guan)。現為廣(guang)州市道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)所在地(di)。
三元(yuan)宮(gong)的(de)整體布局(ju)是:以正(zheng)對山門的(de)三元(yuan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為中(zhong)心,坐北(bei)朝南;殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前拜(bai)廊(lang)東西連(lian)接鐘鼓樓(lou),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后為老(lao)君殿(dian)(dian)(dian);兩側自(zi)南而(er)北(bei),東為舊祖堂(tang)、齋(zhai)堂(tang)、客(ke)堂(tang)、呂(lv)祖殿(dian)(dian)(dian),西有(you)缽(bo)堂(tang)、新祖堂(tang)、鮑(bao)姑殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等建(jian)(jian)筑。各(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)建(jian)(jian)筑總面積約2000平方米(mi)。三元(yuan)宮(gong)主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三元(yuan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)寬20.27米(mi),深16.85米(mi),建(jian)(jian)在北(bei)面高(gao)一(yi)級的(de)石臺基上,與(yu)鐘、鼓樓(lou)和(he)拜(bai)廊(lang)連(lian)成一(yi)片,在廣州古建(jian)(jian)筑中(zhong)獨(du)一(yi)無(wu)二。
三元(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)為市級文物保護單位,是(shi)廣州流(liu)行的上元(yuan)(yuan)誕、中元(yuan)(yuan)誕、下(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)誕的宗教民(min)間節慶(qing)的主要活動場地。
廣州市(shi)三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)修(xiu)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)晉(jin)朝(chao),位于(yu)(yu)廣州市(shi)北越(yue)秀(xiu)山下。它是晉(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)女針灸家(jia)(jia)鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)采艾(ai)行醫之處,明代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)重(zhong)修(xiu)后改名(ming)三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。據立于(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)內的(de)(de)《三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)歷史大略(lve)記(ji)(ji)》碑(bei)文記(ji)(ji)載(zai):“三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)在越(yue)秀(xiu)山麓,東晉(jin)時南(nan)海太守鮑(bao)(bao)靚(jing)建(jian),名(ming)越(yue)崗院。明萬歷及崇禎重(zhong)修(xiu)更今名(ming)。”(1)三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)在明清兩朝(chao)及民國年(nian)(nian)間曾(ceng)七次重(zhong)修(xiu),《三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)歷史大略(lve)記(ji)(ji)》又(you)載(zai):重(zhong)修(xiu)之事歷代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)皆有,順治十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)李(li)棲(qi)鳳捐(juan)俸(feng)重(zhong)修(xiu)開為道觀(guan)(guan);乾(qian)隆(long)(long)五(wu)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)總督嘉勇公福捐(juan)俸(feng),發(fa)起(qi)住(zhu)持(chi)郁教寧、黎永受、楊賀(he)炯師(shi)徒相繼募化(hua)督工(gong),至乾(qian)隆(long)(long)六十(shi)年(nian)(nian)完竣;道光十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)云南(nan)儲糧道鄧士憲發(fa)起(qi)重(zhong)修(xiu);同治八年(nian)(nian)兩廣總督瑞麟捐(juan)俸(feng)重(zhong)修(xiu);光緒二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)住(zhu)持(chi)梁宗琪募化(hua)重(zhong)修(xiu);民國八年(nian)(nian)住(zhu)持(chi)張(zhang)(zhang)宗潤重(zhong)修(xiu)一次;民國三(san)(san)十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)住(zhu)持(chi)周宗郎、何誠端,得歐陽霖等極力相助,于(yu)(yu)是年(nian)(nian)癸(gui)未三(san)(san)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)一日重(zhong)修(xiu)。(2)經多次重(zhong)修(xiu)后之三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),在堂前石廊將吳道子(zi)觀(guan)(guan)音像真跡勘于(yu)(yu)壁洞間以志景仰。又(you)有西(xi)隅(yu)虬(qiu)龍井舊址,張(zhang)(zhang)信綱備資修(xiu)葺虬(qiu)井古屋一間,紀(ji)念鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)在此得道,建(jian)設藏經閣收集(ji)古代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)圣賢著作之書(shu)。從以上(shang)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)可(ke)知,三(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)原為晉(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)女針灸家(jia)(jia)鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)采艾(ai)行醫之處,她(ta)去世后人們就在那里設祠紀(ji)念她(ta),清代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)重(zhong)修(xiu)開為道觀(guan)(guan)。現存的(de)(de)醫史遺跡主要有:鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)寶殿、虬(qiu)龍古井和道家(jia)(jia)煉(lian)功(gong)碑(bei)。
三(san)元(yuan)宮的(de)(de)歷(li)史,上(shang)溯(su)東晉(jin)。元(yuan)帝大(da)(da)興(xing)(xing)三(san)年(nian)(320),南海郡太守,陳留(今河南開封)人鮑(bao)(bao)靚,為(wei)其女鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(道學理論家、丹陽句容人葛洪之妻)在此興(xing)(xing)建修道場(chang)所,初(chu)名越崗院。鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)行醫(yi)濟世(shi),采集(ji)草藥紅腳艾,配以院中井(jing)水,制藥以灸贅瘤,救人無數。鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)仙逝(shi)后(hou)(hou),人感其醫(yi)德善功,集(ji)資塑像,祀奉院內,是為(wei)鮑(bao)(bao)仙姑(gu)(gu)殿。鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)行醫(yi)配藥用過的(de)(de)井(jing),后(hou)(hou)人珍存,名為(wei)虬龍(long)古(gu)井(jing)。時光飛逝(shi),唐(tang)時此地曾(ceng)為(wei)悟性(xing)寺,延至(zhi)(zhi)南漢(han)。幾經(jing)興(xing)(xing)廢(fei),至(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)萬歷(li)年(nian)間,原(yuan)越崗院終獲大(da)(da)修。據(ju)屈大(da)(da)均(jun)記(ji):明(ming)崇禎十六年(nian)(1643),欽天(tian)監來穗(sui)巡視(shi)時云:天(tian)衛三(san)臺列宿,應(ying)(ying)運照臨穗(sui)城。越秀山(shan)氣勢(shi)雄厚,應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)越岡(gang)院改為(wei)三(san)元(yuan)宮,以祀奉三(san)元(yuan)大(da)(da)帝,以應(ying)(ying)上(shang)天(tian)瑞氣,當時紳耆贊同(tong),集(ji)資塑三(san)元(yuan)像于正(zheng)殿,鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)殿移至(zhi)(zhi)偏殿,三(san)元(yuan)宮由此得名。
清康熙三(san)(san)(san)十九(jiu)年(1700),廣州久旱。龍門正宗(zong)十二世玄嗣、羅浮(fu)山(shan)沖虛觀(guan)住持杜(du)(du)(du)陽棟,應(ying)穗城官紳特邀前來(lai)祈雨,果降(jiang)甘霖,遂(sui)被(bei)留為三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)宮(gong)第一任住持。時杜(du)(du)(du)募(mu)化監工,大(da)興土木,三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)宮(gong)由此規模宏大(da)壯觀(guan),面積達800余井(1井為11.1平方米(mi)),成(cheng)為道(dao)觀(guan)叢林,供應(ying)過往(wang)道(dao)侶衣食(shi),宗(zong)教生活(huo)也日趨完善。杜(du)(du)(du)又為三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)宮(gong)購置田產600多畝,即(ji)40多萬平方米(mi),后被(bei)奉為本宮(gong)開山(shan)祖師(shi)。
三元(yuan)宮的經(jing)歷(li)很不平凡。清順治(zhi)十三年(nian)(1656),廣東(dong)巡撫李(li)棲(qi)鳳捐俸(feng)發起重修三元(yuan)殿及鐘(zhong)鼓樓,平南王尚可喜捐鑄大鐘(zhong)一只(zhi)。此后,經(jing)康熙、乾隆、道光(guang)至同治(zhi)的百(bai)多年(nian)間,歷(li)代官紳如總督金弘振、嘉通福、瑞麟,云南儲糧道鄺士憲及住持杜陽(yang)棟(dong)、郁教寧、黃宗性等,或捐俸(feng)募(mu)化,或督工擴建,宮觀日(ri)趨宏偉,香火日(ri)益鼎盛。民國以(yi)后,三元(yuan)宮時起時落。龍濟光(guang)時期(1914~1916年(nian)間),三元(yuan)宮一帶列為軍事禁區,門(men)庭頓趨冷(leng)落。
1919年(nian),住持張宗潤曾予重修。
陳(chen)濟棠治粵期(qi)間(1929~1936),因(yin)陳(chen)信道佛,三元宮又轉興旺。1931年,廣州(zhou)市教育局擬在三元宮設(she)美術學(xue)校,雖經(jing)陳(chen)濟棠岳母周旋,仍要將(jiang)后山的八仙殿(dian)、棲霞(xia)洞(dong)、五老洞(dong)撥出。據《國華報》載,經(jing)此一難,1936年農歷元月十五日即上元誕,參神者(zhe)仍多達(da)10余(yu)萬人(ren)。抗戰期(qi)間,道侶星(xing)散(san),僅余(yu)數人(ren),再度冷落。
日軍投降后,三元宮復(fu)興(xing)。1946年農歷十月十五日即下(xia)元誕,參拜者如潮(chao)涌(yong),連(lian)跪(gui)拜之地(di)都難插(cha)足(zu)。是(shi)年政府欲(yu)在三元宮建忠烈(lie)祠(ci)。為保道場,住持(chi)唐誠靜、李信諧發起(qi)成(cheng)立中國道教會,聘政界要人任宮內(nei)名譽職事,經活(huo)動后,忠烈(lie)祠(ci)他移。
宮(gong)內各殿,建(jian)(jian)于康熙年(nian)間(jian),反映了清代道(dao)教宮(gong)觀(guan)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑風貌,已有300余年(nian)的(de)歷(li)史。光緒二十九年(nian)(1903),住持梁宗琪將本宮(gong)600余畝(mu)田產盡數捐出,贊助興(xing)辦時(shi)敏中(zhong)學。為(wei)此清廷欽(qin)賜(si)“保光勵(li)學”、“護國佑民(min)”兩(liang)匾(bian)。原字寫(xie)在黃(huang)絹上,兩(liang)匾(bian)由京來穗時(shi),該官隆重迎接,經刻在巨匾(bian)上,恭懸于大(da)殿前。“文化大(da)革命”時(shi)兩(liang)匾(bian)俱毀,后一匾(bian)于1982年(nian)在三(san)元宮(gong)開放時(shi)另立。
20世紀50年代,宮內存探花劉世安字四幅(fu),康(kang)有為(wei)中堂(tang)字一(yi)幅(fu),居廉牡丹畫(hua)一(yi)幅(fu),沈綿春大中堂(tang)竹一(yi)幅(fu),竹禪大橫披石竹一(yi)幅(fu),道藏一(yi)套,平南王尚可喜送大鐘(zhong)一(yi)口。“文化大革命”后,上述文物已不知所終(zhong)了。
同治(zhi)八年(1869),住持黃宗(zong)勝重修(xiu)(xiu)三元宮(gong),從肇慶得青(qing)牛(niu)足跡石(shi)塊,今仍(reng)置于呂祖(zu)殿前的小池內。唐吳道子繪觀音大士真跡(石(shi)刻),高(gao)1.5米(mi),寬1米(mi),現仍(reng)嵌(qian)于宮(gong)內西側碑廊的石(shi)壁上。鮑姑遺(yi)留的虬龍古(gu)井,1947年因井內瀉泥面積太(tai)(tai)大而填平,只保留井欄遺(yi)跡。1965年因填高(gao)地面,井隨之湮沒。1983重新(xin)開掘,虬龍古(gu)井再現。1990年9月,老君殿重修(xiu)(xiu)竣工,施主送(song)來太(tai)(tai)上老君青(qing)牛(niu)之塑像,它將成為(wei)未(wei)來之文(wen)物。
1981年(nian)3月,三元(yuan)宮獲重(zhong)新對外開(kai)放(fang)。1982年(nian)起,陸續收回(hui)被占殿宇,并(bing)予重(zhong)修(xiu)。1983年(nian)春節前,舉行了開(kai)光儀式,并(bing)對外開(kai)放(fang),香(xiang)客游客日(ri)增。1987年(nian)上元(yuan)誕(dan),按出(chu)售門票統計,進三元(yuan)宮者達6萬多人。
作為久遠的(de)文物古跡,三元(yuan)宮(gong)是(shi)一個可以不斷探(tan)求出(chu)新價值的(de)謎。
三元宮歷代均有重修,相沿至1970年(nian),十年(nian)動(dong)亂中宮內道士被迫離(li)去(qu),至1982年(nian)7月1日,離(li)宮道友回宮重修開放。
三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)是在越崗院、鮑姑(gu)祠的(de)基礎上(shang)擴(kuo)建的(de),歷代多次重(zhong)修(xiu),才有今日壯觀(guan)(guan)面貌(mao)。后明(ming)末(mo)清(qing)初(chu),廣東巡撫(fu)李棲鳳,平南王(wang)尚(shang)可喜(xi)(xi),耿(geng)精忠(zhong),總鎮(zhen)金(jin)弘振等來(lai)宰羊城(cheng),見三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)乃羊城(cheng)勝地(di),曾囑名書(shu)法家翰林(lin)院庶吉士游(you)顯庭(ting)寫八個(ge)大字(zi)(zi)“三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)觀(guan)(guan),百粵名山(shan)(shan)”刻木對(dui)聯掛于(yu)門口,于(yu)是著意(yi)擴(kuo)建三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong),清(qing)順治十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1656年(nian))巡撫(fu)李棲鳳重(zhong)修(xiu)三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殿,并(bing)鐘(zhong)樓、鼓(gu)樓各一(yi)(yi)座,平南王(wang)尚(shang)可喜(xi)(xi)鑄大鐘(zhong),康熙三十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1700年(nian))金(jin)弘振重(zhong)修(xiu)開(kai)創正(zheng)(zheng)式道(dao)場,邀請羅浮山(shan)(shan)龍門正(zheng)(zheng)宗十(shi)(shi)代玄(xuan)裔杜公陽棟字(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)陵(山(shan)(shan)東萊州府濰(wei)縣(xian)人(ren)),來(lai)宮(gong)督工修(xiu)建,為所教(jiao)十(shi)(shi)方叢林(lin)規范,板梆傳餐,俾(bi)得十(shi)(shi)方云游(you)道(dao)士,籍以留丹棲息之所。宮(gong)內設(she)有鮑仙姑(gu)殿、玉皇、三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(堯、舜、禹(yu))老君、呂祖(zu)、邱(qiu)祖(zu)、青(qing)蓮、靈(ling)官、斗姥(lao)、文昌、北帝、鐘(zhong)離、武侯、天后各殿,缽堂(tang)、客堂(tang)、齋(zhai)堂(tang)、祖(zu)堂(tang),并(bing)在堂(tang)前(qian)右側,將唐吳(wu)道(dao)子(zi)觀(guan)(guan)音像真跡(ji)(ji)石嵌于(yu)壁(bi)間(jian),五(wu)老洞(dong)遺跡(ji)(ji),及后山(shan)(shan)余地(di)設(she)花圃,青(qing)牛足印、一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)修(xiu)好;西(xi)隅(yu)鮑井(虬龍古(gu)(gu)井)旁(pang)有古(gu)(gu)屋(wu)一(yi)(yi)間(jian),掛有“虬隱(yin)山(shan)(shan)房(fang)”匾額(e),為鮑姑(gu)在此得道(dao)仙跡(ji)(ji);藏經閣(ge),搜集前(qian)賢著作,保存國粹(cui)。光緒(xu)廿九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1903年(nian)),住持(chi)梁宗琪經眾議(yi)興辦時敏中學,培養人(ren)材(cai),欽奉敕賜“葆光勵學”匾額(e),懸于(yu)頭(tou)門,清(qing)同治二年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1863年(nian))把三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)觀(guan)(guan),百粵名山(shan)(shan)木對(dui)殘爛,原跡(ji)(ji)鑿于(yu)山(shan)(shan)門口兩旁(pang)石上(shang),以留永紀。
三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮的(de)整(zheng)體布(bu)局是(shi):以正(zheng)對(dui)山(shan)門的(de)三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為中(zhong)心,坐北朝南;殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前拜廊(lang)東西(xi)連接鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后為老君殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);兩側自南而北,東為舊祖(zu)(zu)堂、齋堂、客堂、呂祖(zu)(zu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),西(xi)有缽堂、新祖(zu)(zu)堂、鮑姑殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等建筑(zhu)。各殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂建筑(zhu)總面(mian)積(ji)約2000平方米。三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)寬20.27米,深(shen)16.85米,建在北面(mian)高(gao)。一(yi)級(ji)的(de)石臺基上(shang),與(yu)鐘、鼓(gu)樓(lou)和(he)拜廊(lang)連成一(yi)片(pian),在廣州(zhou)古(gu)建筑(zhu)中(zhong)獨一(yi)無二(er)。三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)深(shen)處,正(zheng)中(zhong)位(wei)(wei)置供奉著三(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)帝(di),他們原(yuan)來是(shi)中(zhong)華民(min)族的(de)祖(zu)(zu)宗(zong),是(shi)堯舜禹三(san)(san)(san)位(wei)(wei)大(da)帝(di),.三(san)(san)(san)位(wei)(wei)大(da)帝(di)分別(bie)(bie)被(bei)稱作上(shang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)下(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),看(kan)來年代越久遠(yuan)的(de)地位(wei)(wei)越高(gao),他們的(de)生日分別(bie)(bie)是(shi)正(zheng)月(yue)十五,七月(yue)十五和(he)十月(yue)十五,稱做相上(shang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)節,中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)節和(he)下(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)節。
殿(dian)里(li)從外向里(li)矗(chu)立著好幾對柱子,每(mei)對柱子上都有(you)(you)楹(ying)聯(lian),楹(ying)聯(lian)多(duo)是三元宮的(de)又一個特點(dian)。內容(rong)既有(you)(you)國泰(tai)民安的(de),又有(you)(you)消災除病(bing),透出中華民族務實的(de)傳統。
三元(yuan)宮的第三個特(te)點是宮里(li)神仙(xian)太(tai)(tai)多,供奉的不止是三元(yuan)大帝(di),還有其他本土神仙(xian).殿堂太(tai)(tai)擁(yong)擠,因而顯得局促。
三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)寶殿(dian)(dian)后面最左邊的(de)(de)(de)是鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)殿(dian)(dian)。鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)殿(dian)(dian)供奉的(de)(de)(de)是高干子弟,是南海太守鮑(bao)(bao)靚(jing)的(de)(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)兒。三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)宮原(yuan)是鮑(bao)(bao)靚(jing)為(wei)女(nv)(nv)兒鮑(bao)(bao)姑(gu)(gu)建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)修道行醫之所,當年(nian)叫越崗(gang)院,她因(yin)此(ci)被稱(cheng)作中國第(di)一位(wei)女(nv)(nv)中醫,她的(de)(de)(de)丈夫是當時有(you)名的(de)(de)(de)哲學家和(he)科學家葛洪。到這(zhe)里(li)燒香(xiang)是要(yao)求鮑(bao)(bao)仙(xian)姑(gu)(gu)替(ti)世人消(xiao)災去病的(de)(de)(de)。
到了明代,朝廷欽天監到了廣州,說動當(dang)地鄉(xiang)紳,將越崗院改造(zao)為三元(yuan)宮(gong)(gong),塑三元(yuan)神像于(yu)(yu)正殿(dian)(dian)(dian),移鮑姑像于(yu)(yu)偏殿(dian)(dian)(dian),也就是(shi)現在我們看(kan)到的(de)(de)(de)樣子。和(he)(he)(he)(he)鮑姑殿(dian)(dian)(dian)并列(lie)的(de)(de)(de),有(you)清朝擴建的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)奉太上老(lao)君的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)君殿(dian)(dian)(dian),供(gong)奉慈航道人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)觀音寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),供(gong)奉海上保護神媽祖的(de)(de)(de)天后寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),供(gong)奉八(ba)仙之(zhi)一(yi)呂洞賓的(de)(de)(de)呂祖殿(dian)(dian)(dian),供(gong)奉被(bei)尊封為蕩魔真(zhen)君的(de)(de)(de)關羽(yu)的(de)(de)(de)關帝(di)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),供(gong)奉文(wen)財(cai)(cai)神無心的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)干的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)神寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),以及(ji)供(gong)奉道教(jiao)護法(fa)神王靈官的(de)(de)(de)靈官殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。三元(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)供(gong)奉的(de)(de)(de)神仙大多有(you)替人(ren)消災(如(ru)鮑姑和(he)(he)(he)(he)媽祖),助人(ren)發達(da)(如(ru)關帝(di)和(he)(he)(he)(he)比(bi)干)的(de)(de)(de)具體功用,而請和(he)(he)(he)(he)他們幫忙的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)主(zhu)要就是(shi)表現出虔誠,特別是(shi)敬(jing)香和(he)(he)(he)(he)跪拜。
文革(ge)期間,三元(yuan)宮的所有神像、文物蕩然無存(cun),道(dao)友也被遺(yi)散。現(xian)在(zai)的建筑(zhu)是(shi)1982年以來修復(fu)的。
三元宮有官方(fang)味道(dao),當年,它為南(nan)海(hai)太守(shou)所建,如(ru)今,它是廣州市道(dao)教協會所在。
自鮑靚在北(bei)廟舊址建造越(yue)崗院(yuan)(yuan)以來,三元宮已有1600多年的(de)歷史了。從三元宮上溯到越(yue)崗院(yuan)(yuan),不能不說到鮑靚、鮑姑和葛洪三人的(de)生(sheng)平(ping)和事跡(ji)。
鮑靚字(zi)太(tai)玄,魏晉時在廣州任(ren)南海太(tai)守,他篤信道(dao)教(jiao),還是最早把道(dao)教(jiao)丹
鼎派傳(chuan)入嶺(ling)南的(de)人物(wu)。后(hou)來,他在當時越井崗的(de)越秀山下建了一所越崗院,在此宣傳(chuan)道教并煉丹(dan)。
鮑(bao)靚后(hou)來收了一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)徒弟(di)叫葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洪(hong)。葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洪(hong)在(zai)歷史(shi)上(shang)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)傳奇(qi)人(ren)物。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)是晉代江蘇句容人(ren),字稚川(chuan),號抱樸(pu)子,三(san)國時(shi)吳方(fang)士葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)玄的(de)(de)(de)重孫。葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洪(hong)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)名道(dao)教理論家、醫學(xue)家和(he)煉丹(dan)術(shu)家,自幼好(hao)神仙尋養生(sheng)之術(shu),曾向葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)立的(de)(de)(de)弟(di)子鄭(zheng)隱(yin)學(xue)習過(guo)(guo)煉丹(dan)術(shu)。惠帝末年(nian),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)應廣(guang)州刺史(shi)嵇會之請,到(dao)廣(guang)州任(ren)參(can)軍,居廣(guang)州約10年(nian)。后(hou)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)追隨鮑(bao)靚探究道(dao)教理論及煉丹(dan)、養氣之術(shu),并與妻子鮑(bao)姑一(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)替百姓治病。24歲那年(nian),葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洪(hong)首(shou)次來到(dao)廣(guang)州,拜(bai)師學(xue)藝長(chang)達10年(nian),終(zhong)成為一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)常(chang)識(shi)淵博的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)。年(nian)未過(guo)(guo)40,便著有《抱樸(pu)子》內(nei)外篇70卷、《金(jin)匾(bian)藥方(fang)》100卷等著作。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)精通針灸(jiu)(jiu)術(shu),據說(shuo)三(san)元宮內(nei)原有的(de)(de)(de)針灸(jiu)(jiu)經絡圖碑刻就是他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)留下的(de)(de)(de)。東晉元帝時(shi)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洪(hong)曾到(dao)南京(時(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)建康)任(ren)官(guan),官(guan)至丞(cheng)相,因而(er)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又被人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)為丞(cheng)相道(dao)士。后(hou)來他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)聽(ting)說(shuo)交趾即(ji)今越南盛產(chan)丹(dan)砂,便辭去高官(guan)厚(hou)祿攜眷第二次來到(dao)嶺南,受到(dao)廣(guang)東刺史(shi)鄧岳挽留,此后(hou)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)羅浮山整(zheng)整(zheng)生(sheng)活了30年(nian),煉丹(dan)制藥,著述不輟(chuo)。葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洪(hong)還在(zai)羅浮山建造了東南西北四個(ge)(ge)庵,即(ji)現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)沖虛(xu)觀(guan)、白鶴觀(guan)、九天觀(guan)和(he)酥醪觀(guan)。
葛(ge)洪(hong)的(de)(de)妻(qi)子鮑(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),亦精于醫道(dao)(dao)。鮑(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是鮑(bao)靚(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)女(nv)兒(er),從小深(shen)受道(dao)(dao)教影響(xiang)。由于鮑(bao)靚(jing)(jing)(jing)深(shen)愛(ai)和(he)器重徒(tu)弟葛(ge)洪(hong),便把18歲的(de)(de)鮑(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)許配給他(ta),那時葛(ge)洪(hong)年(nian)過(guo)(guo)四十了(le)(le)(le)。此后夫(fu)妻(qi)二人恩(en)恩(en)愛(ai)愛(ai),共同研究煉丹與醫術。鮑(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一生幾十年(nian)都是在廣東(dong)度過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de),為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)采(cai)藥、行醫,她(ta)足跡遍及南(nan)海、番禺、博羅(luo)、惠陽等(deng)地(di)。她(ta)醫術十分(fen)高明(ming),老百姓都親切稱(cheng)(cheng)她(ta)為(wei)“女(nv)仙(xian)(xian)”、“鮑(bao)仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”。后鮑(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)患急病而死(si),后人在越秀山(shan)下建(jian)“鮑(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)祠”紀(ji)念(nian)她(ta),她(ta)用過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)井(jing)(jing)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“鮑(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)井(jing)(jing)”,又(you)叫“虬龍古井(jing)(jing)”。可惜(xi)現在這祠和(he)井(jing)(jing)都不復存在了(le)(le)(le)。而三(san)元宮內卻(que)建(jian)起了(le)(le)(le)紀(ji)念(nian)她(ta)的(de)(de)“鮑(bao)仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)殿(dian)”。鮑(bao)靚(jing)(jing)(jing)后來將女(nv)兒(er)葬于羅(luo)浮山(shan),山(shan)上的(de)(de)“黍珠庵”是為(wei)紀(ji)念(nian)鮑(bao)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)而建(jian)的(de)(de)。
廣(guang)州火(huo)車(che)東(dong)(dong)(dong)站(zhan)(zhan)總站(zhan)(zhan)乘坐<62路(lu)(環線:西村總站(zhan)(zhan)-廣(guang)州火(huo)車(che)東(dong)(dong)(dong)站(zhan)(zhan)總站(zhan)(zhan))>抵達市(shi)總工會(東(dong)(dong)(dong)風中(zhong)路(lu));步行309米(mi),至目(mu)的地沿途經(jing)過的的公共(gong)汽車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)有:林(lin)和中(zhong)路(lu),林(lin)和東(dong)(dong)(dong)路(lu),體育(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)東(dong)(dong)(dong)門,體育(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)路(lu),天河(he)郵局,天河(he),錦城花(hua)園(yuan),東(dong)(dong)(dong)竣廣(guang)場,羊城晚報社,執信(xin)路(lu),正骨醫院(yuan),東(dong)(dong)(dong)風中(zhong),中(zhong)山紀念(nian)堂(tang),市(shi)總工會(東(dong)(dong)(dong)風中(zhong)路(lu))。
乘坐地鐵(tie)到中山紀念堂站,C出(chu)口,向(xiang)前步行50米轉左即見。