鐘亭大鐘
位(wei)于公(gong)園中(zhong)心(xin)偏(pian)西。大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紫銅澆(jiao)鑄(zhu),高(gao)3.65米,口徑2.3米,底邊(bian)厚0.17米,重(zhong)23000公(gong)斤(jin)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頂鑄(zhu)陽紋蓮(lian)瓣一(yi)周,提(ti)梁飾(shi)以(yi)云紋和波浪紋,鑄(zhu)有“洪武二十(shi)一(yi)年(1388)九月吉日(ri)鑄(zhu)”銘(ming)文。造(zao)型精(jing)美,聲音宏(hong)亮,數里可(ke)聞。原(yuan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓懸二鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),清(qing)康熙年問鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓倒塌,二鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)墜地(di)(di)一(yi)立一(yi)臥,立者咸豐年間(jian)被毀。大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)重(zhong)檐六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)攢尖頂,灰筒瓦屋面,以(yi)六(liu)根(gen)鐵(tie)(tie)柱支(zhi)撐,高(gao)14.5米,上架六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)交叉(cha)鐵(tie)(tie)梁,大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)懸于梁下。鐵(tie)(tie)柱鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)由“金陵機器局”(今晨(chen)光機械廠前(qian)身)制造(zao)。”柱上鑄(zhu)有銘(ming)文。大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)與鼓(gu)樓成(cheng)犄角(jiao)(jiao)之勢,地(di)(di)處市中(zhong)心(xin),一(yi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)鼓(gu),晨(chen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)暮鼓(gu),適得其所(suo)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)與大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列為新評“金陵四十(shi)景”之一(yi),名“古(gu)亭(ting)(ting)晨(chen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。
三姑殿
位于公園北隅(yu)。鑄(zhu)大鐘(zhong),以(yi)明(ming)代技(ji)術(shu)條件(jian)極(ji)不(bu)(bu)易(yi),因而人們編造出一個(ge)(ge)(ge)動(dong)人的傳(chuan)說(shuo)悲劇(ju),說(shuo)朱元璋限(xian)期(qi)鑄(zhu)大鐘(zhong),違者誅殺,工匠久鑄(zhu)不(bu)(bu)成,眼看限(xian)期(qi)將(jiang)至(zhi),紛(fen)紛(fen)逃匿,被監吏(li)追回者加罪懲處,并(bing)(bing)押至(zhi)冶練(lian)爐前限(xian)當日鑄(zhu)成,工匠個(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)愁眉不(bu)(bu)展,忽見一工匠3個(ge)(ge)(ge)女兒到來(lai),并(bing)(bing)齊躍(yue)入爐中(zhong),爐口頓時噴射(she)出萬丈烈焰,銅液(ye)很快(kuai)凝固,終(zhong)鑄(zhu)成鐘(zhong)。為(wei)此(ci),后人有(you)把(ba)此(ci)鐘(zhong)稱神鐘(zhong)者,并(bing)(bing)于此(ci)建三(san)姑(gu)廟,以(yi)祀之,對(dui)聯(lian)日:“三(san)妹孝(xiao)義垂青(qing)史,千(qian)斛(hu)鏗鐘(zhong)聲白門”。傳(chuan)說(shuo)二月(yue)十(shi)九、六月(yue)十(shi)九、九月(yue)十(shi)九為(wei)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)姑(gu)娘生日,每屆(jie)此(ci)時亭后三(san)姑(gu)殿內,香火(huo)熾熱。
大(da)鐘(zhong)亭(ting)公(gong)園位于(yu)鼓樓廣場(chang)東(dong)北,大(da)鐘(zhong)亭(ting)路1號(hao),總面積5500平方米(mi),噴泉(quan)水面60平方米(mi),綠地率(lv)65.45%。園以(yi)大(da)鐘(zhong)亭(ting)得名。系(xi)市屬文化園林。
明洪武(wu)二(er)十八年(nian)(1395)《洪武(wu)京城圖(tu)志(zhi)》標明鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)位于鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)西。民國《首都志(zhi)》載(zai)(zai):“碑樓(lou)(lou)(鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou))旁為倒鐘(zhong)廠,有明鐘(zhong)二(er),鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)中(zhong)故物(wu)也(ye)。”《南京小志(zhi)》載(zai)(zai):“大鐘(zhong)亭,在(zai)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)東側,俗稱倒鐘(zhong)廠。”
《南都都察院(yuan)志》載:“鐘樓(lou)(lou)原在坐子鋪,建于明洪武(wu)十(shi)五年(nian)(1382),樓(lou)(lou)上懸鳴(ming)鐘一(yi)(yi)口,洪武(wu)二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)(1391)四月二(er)十(shi)日,鑄造立鐘一(yi)(yi)口于樓(lou)(lou)前,洪武(wu)二(er)十(shi)五年(nian)(1392)十(shi)二(er)月十(shi)四日,造臥鐘一(yi)(yi)口于府(fu)軍衛(wei)后崗(gang)。
到了清康(kang)熙年間,鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓倒(dao)塌,鳴(ming)鐘(zhong)(zhong)、立鐘(zhong)(zhong)皆毀,惟(wei)獨(du)臥鐘(zhong)(zhong)尚仔,半陷于土中,俗稱倒(dao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)廠(臥鐘(zhong)(zhong)鑄造日期與現存大鐘(zhong)(zhong)銘(ming)文有誤)。
光緒(xu)十五年(nian)(1889)由江寧(ning)布政使許振?在(zai)此建亭懸掛,稱鐵(tie)柱亭(大(da)鐘(zhong)亭)。門首“元音再起(qi)”匾額已(yi)不存(cun)。由上所述,民國時期的大(da)鐘(zhong)亭俗稱倒鐘(zhong)廠,并(bing)非原鐘(zhong)樓所在(zai)地(坐子鋪)。
大鐘(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)位(wei)于南京市中心鼓樓廣場東北角,明洪(hong)武(wu)15年(1382年),建(jian)了(le)(le)一(yi)座(zuo)鼓樓和一(yi)座(zuo)鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓,當時有兩只(zhi)鳴鐘(zhong)(zhong)。清咸豐年時,被毀一(yi)只(zhi)。清末(mo)江寧藩臺許振韋(wei)將尚存(cun)的一(yi)只(zhi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)移至現址(zhi),并撥款(kuan)建(jian)了(le)(le)一(yi)座(zuo)鐵梁鐵柱的六角亭(ting)來懸掛,即大鐘(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)為紫銅澆鑄,鐘(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)4.27米(mi),上刻有“洪(hong)武(wu)21年9月4日(ri)鑄”銘文。鐘(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)19.60米(mi)。
大(da)鐘(zhong)亭(ting)(ting),亭(ting)(ting)中(zhong)懸(xuan)(xuan)洪武(wu)一二(er)(er)十一年(1388年)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造的(de)紫銅鳴鐘(zhong)一只。此(ci)鐘(zhong)原懸(xuan)(xuan)于金川門內的(de)鐘(zhong)樓(lou)。洪武(wu)二(er)(er)十五(wu)年,又(you)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造臥(wo)鐘(zhong),清康熙年間(jian)此(ci)處遭毀,鐘(zhong)墜道旁,半(ban)陷土中(zhong)。清末移至此(ci),并建此(ci)鐵梁(liang)鐵柱的(de)六角(jiao)亭(ting)(ting),將明代臥(wo)鐘(zhong)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛,即"大(da)鐘(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)"。大(da)鐘(zhong)質精形美(mei),聲(sheng)音洪亮,頂部(bu)凸鑄(zhu)(zhu)蓮花瓣(ban)紋一周(zhou),提梁(liang)上(shang)飾以云紋和波浪式卷角(jiao),鐘(zhong)上(shang)有“洪武(wu)二(er)(er)十九年吉日鑄(zhu)(zhu)”銘(ming)文。
大(da)鐘亭位于(yu)南京市(shi)(shi)中心鼓樓廣(guang)場東(dong)(dong)北角,是省級文(wen)物保護(hu)(hu)單位,被列為(wei)新評《金陵四十(shi)景》之(zhi)首,即(ji)“古(gu)(gu)亭晨鐘”。有(you)(you)著悠久(jiu)的(de)名勝古(gu)(gu)跡,又地處市(shi)(shi)中心鬧市(shi)(shi)區,公(gong)(gong)園原現狀卻不盡如人(ren)意。公(gong)(gong)園共(gong)有(you)(you)1700平方米,其中建筑有(you)(you)658平方米。出入(ru)口只有(you)(you)西部(bu)一(yi)個(ge),北部(bu)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)周圍建筑破爛陳舊,低矮棚戶中住了(le)近百(bai)戶人(ren)家。由于(yu)地段好(hao)和有(you)(you)特色,這(zhe)里已(yi)形成(cheng)為(wei)中外游客喜來樂往的(de)一(yi)個(ge)旅游定點,每年平均人(ren)流量為(wei)12萬人(ren)次,接待外賓(bin)1萬人(ren)次,節假日(ri)人(ren)流量可達4600人(ren)次/日(ri),許多(duo)涉外活動(dong)與(yu)洽談活動(dong)都在這(zhe)里舉(ju)行。為(wei)了(le)保護(hu)(hu)文(wen)物,美(mei)化城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)景觀(guan),擴大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)綠化,提高環境(jing)質量,與(yu)人(ren)防工程相結合,將大(da)鐘亭公(gong)(gong)園進行擴建改造。