六朝(chao)時期,長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)岸線北移(yi),莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)形成(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)唐時期,時稱橫(heng)塘,因(yin)其依傍石(shi)頭城(cheng),亦稱石(shi)城(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。明朝(chao)初(chu)年(nian),莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)畔(pan)筑(zhu)(zhu)樓臺十(shi)余(yu)(yu)座;明朝(chao)中葉,莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)徐(xu)(xu)達后裔、魏國公徐(xu)(xu)氏別(bie)業,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)金陵名園(yuan)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。清朝(chao)乾隆(long)五十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(1793年(nian)),莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)行大規(gui)模整治,沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)修筑(zhu)(zhu)“郁金堂(tang)”等樓臺十(shi)余(yu)(yu)座;咸豐年(nian)間,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)及花(hua)(hua)樹毀于戰火;清朝(chao)同治十(shi)年(nian)(1871年(nian)),重建(jian)莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)漸復舊觀(guan)(guan)。民國十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(1929年(nian)),莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)被辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)公園(yuan)。莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬于淺水湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊,由(you)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)、秦淮河(he)沖積(ji)平原(yuan)的低洼處積(ji)水而成(cheng)(cheng),原(yuan)是秦淮河(he)入(ru)江(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)河(he)槽,因(yin)泥沙淤積(ji)而成(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。南(nan)北長(chang)約(yue)680米,東西寬(kuan)約(yue)770米,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面標(biao)高4米,主要功(gong)能為(wei)(wei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)水域和非直(zhi)接接觸的娛樂用水。莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)自古便(bian)有(you)“江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)第一(yi)(yi)名湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”、“金陵第一(yi)(yi)名勝”、“金陵四(si)十(shi)八(ba)景(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)首(shou)”等美譽,園(yuan)中亭臺、樓閣、水榭(xie)等掩映在(zai)山石(shi)、花(hua)(hua)木(mu)中,一(yi)(yi)派“欲將西子莫(mo)(mo)(mo)愁比,難向煙波(bo)判(pan)是非。但覺西湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)輸一(yi)(yi)著,江(jiang)(jiang)帆云外(wai)拍云飛”的宜人(ren)景(jing)(jing)(jing)色。春(chun)天(tian)的海棠、夏(xia)天(tian)的荷花(hua)(hua),也總能吸引一(yi)(yi)些(xie)攝影愛(ai)好者,是南(nan)京非常(chang)有(you)名的旅(lv)游景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)和休閑園(yuan)林。
莫(mo)愁女(nv)故(gu)居(ju)(ju)建(jian)筑(zhu)群包括(kuo)郁(yu)金堂、蘇(su)合(he)(he)(he)廂,該組建(jian)筑(zhu)始建(jian)于明朝中葉。莫(mo)愁女(nv)故(gu)居(ju)(ju)位于勝棋樓之(zhi)(zhi)西,比勝棋樓矮半層(ceng),取之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)男尊女(nv)卑的建(jian)筑(zhu)風格。蘇(su)合(he)(he)(he)廂位于郁(yu)金堂正南,蘇(su)合(he)(he)(he)廂與郁(yu)金堂通過四合(he)(he)(he)院連為(wei)一體。今院內墻(qiang)壁上嵌(qian)有(you)清人(ren)書(shu)梁武帝蕭(xiao)衍(yan)《河中之(zhi)(zhi)水歌》、清人(ren)繪莫(mo)愁小像、郭(guo)沫若詩詞等書(shu)畫碑刻(ke)。清乾隆(long)五十(shi)八年(1846年),江(jiang)寧知府(fu)李堯棟捐俸重修莫(mo)愁湖(hu)時始名。同治十(shi)年(1871年),兩江(jiang)總督曾國藩重建(jian)。
郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)位于勝棋(qi)樓(lou)之(zhi)西,始建(jian)于南(nan)朝梁(liang)武(wu)帝(di)時期。郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)面(mian)闊六間,進(jin)深二間,磚木結(jie)構,后進(jin)為卷棚頂,建(jian)筑面(mian)積162.79平方(fang)米。清朝乾隆五十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1793年(nian)(nian)(nian)),重(zhong)建(jian)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang);咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,毀(hui)于戰火;同治十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)),曾國藩重(zhong)建(jian)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang);民國二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)),郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)復遭水淹(yan)。翌年(nian)(nian)(nian),南(nan)京(jing)市長石瑛重(zhong)修。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian),將郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)建(jian)筑格局改為背水面(mian)南(nan)。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)劉海粟行書“郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)”木刻置(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)上。郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)西是(shi)南(nan)北兩(liang)廳,東西有回(hui)廊環繞的(de)(de)賞荷亭,中間是(shi)荷花池,池中石上有一座2米多高的(de)(de)漢白玉莫愁女塑(su)像。相傳南(nan)齊時盧家女莫愁居此(ci),莫愁女喜郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)香(xiang),梁(liang)武(wu)帝(di)蕭衍(yan)《河中之(zhi)水歌(ge)》“盧家蘭室桂為梁(liang),中有郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)蘇合(he)香(xiang)”可以為證,郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)之(zhi)名即(ji)得(de)自該詩。
蘇合(he)(he)廂位于郁(yu)金堂正南(nan),“蘇合(he)(he)廂”之名,取自梁(liang)(liang)武帝(di)蕭衍(yan)《河中(zhong)之水歌(ge)》“盧(lu)家(jia)蘭室桂為(wei)(wei)梁(liang)(liang),中(zhong)有郁(yu)金蘇合(he)(he)香”一(yi)詩中(zhong)。蘇合(he)(he)廂與郁(yu)金堂通過(guo)四合(he)(he)院(yuan)(yuan)連為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體,建(jian)筑面積111.10平方米,磚木結構。清(qing)(qing)朝乾隆五十八年(nian)(nian)(1793年(nian)(nian)),由江寧知府(fu)李堯棟(dong)主持(chi)修(xiu)建(jian)。1959年(nian)(nian)改建(jian)。內(nei)懸掛有1914年(nian)(nian)陳祖庥的(de)木刻(ke)楹(ying)聯,四合(he)(he)院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)墻(qiang)壁(bi)上則嵌有梁(liang)(liang)武帝(di)蕭衍(yan)《河中(zhong)之水歌(ge)》、清(qing)(qing)人(ren)朱(zhu)柏容、今人(ren)郭沫若等人(ren)的(de)碑刻(ke)詩詞,院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)古碑刻(ke)均為(wei)(wei)市級(ji)文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。
莫(mo)愁(chou)(chou)水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)(wei)于郁金堂四(si)合院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之西,由水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回廊、賞荷廳、四(si)方亭(ting)、光華(hua)庭、江天(tian)(tian)小閣(ge)(ge)和觀(guan)魚池(chi)組成,水中(zhong)(zhong)植荷蓮,有(you)磯石(shi)。水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回廊環水而建,串聯起院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內各建筑(zhu),面積(ji)139.53平(ping)(ping)(ping)方米(mi),廊壁嵌有(you)魯(lu)迅、錢(qian)松喦(nie)、林散之、費新我等人書法碑刻(ke)。賞荷廳位(wei)(wei)于水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北首,共四(si)間,面積(ji)118.84平(ping)(ping)(ping)方米(mi),磚木結(jie)(jie)構(gou),墻壁亦(yi)有(you)石(shi)刻(ke)碑銘。四(si)方亭(ting)居水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西北角,高(gao)(gao)二層,建筑(zhu)面積(ji)42.34平(ping)(ping)(ping)方米(mi),清朝(chao)光緒十四(si)年(1888年)建,原為(wei)(wei)木結(jie)(jie)構(gou),1974年翻(fan)建,檐以下改(gai)為(wei)(wei)混合結(jie)(jie)構(gou),頂部仍為(wei)(wei)木結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。《金陵古跡名勝(sheng)》云(yun):“曾(ceng)云(yun)閣(ge)(ge)有(you)角樓,聳臨湖上,登眺極佳”。光華(hua)庭位(wei)(wei)于水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南(nan)首,磚木結(jie)(jie)構(gou),建筑(zhu)面積(ji)68.99平(ping)(ping)(ping)方米(mi),亭(ting)內曾(ceng)懸“月到風來閣(ge)(ge)”匾,現不存,今木刻(ke)楹聯曾(ceng)廣照撰書。江天(tian)(tian)小閣(ge)(ge),位(wei)(wei)于水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西北角,高(gao)(gao)兩層,曾(ceng)為(wei)(wei)曾(ceng)國藩(fan)憑眺感懷之處。觀(guan)魚池(chi)在(zai)水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)央,水中(zhong)(zhong)植荷養魚。1979年在(zai)池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)磯石(shi)上置立(li)漢白(bai)玉莫(mo)愁(chou)(chou)女雕像,像高(gao)(gao)2.1米(mi),重2噸,作采桑歸狀。1981年由錢(qian)松喦(nie)隸書通水院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門額“到此莫(mo)愁(chou)(chou)”。
勝(sheng)棋樓(lou)(lou)位于(yu)華嚴庵庭院北首(shou),始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)朝(chao)洪武年(nian)間(jian)。勝(sheng)棋樓(lou)(lou)坐(zuo)北朝(chao)南,為明(ming)清(qing)風格的二層樓(lou)(lou)房,歇山頂,磚木結構(gou),面闊五間(jian),進深十(shi)一檁,建(jian)筑面積592.07平方(fang)米。相(xiang)傳明(ming)太祖朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋(zhang)與(yu)中(zhong)山王徐達(da)常在此下棋。清(qing)朝(chao)咸豐(feng)年(nian)間(jian),勝(sheng)棋樓(lou)(lou)毀(hui)于(yu)兵火(huo)。清(qing)朝(chao)同(tong)治十(shi)年(nian)(1871年(nian)),曾國(guo)藩主持于(yu)原(yuan)址復建(jian)勝(sheng)棋樓(lou)(lou)。相(xiang)傳原(yuan)樓(lou)(lou)額為朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋(zhang)親題(ti),今門楣上“勝(sheng)棋樓(lou)(lou)”三字,乃晚清(qing)進士、中(zhong)興名臣、時(shi)任江寧布政使梅啟(qi)照所書。樓(lou)(lou)上中(zhong)堂(tang)北壁(bi)掛(gua)有(you)明(ming)太祖朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋(zhang)畫像,南端掛(gua)有(you)徐達(da)畫像,正門與(yu)中(zhong)堂(tang)問朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋(zhang)徐達(da)對弈(yi)處有(you)模(mo)擬對弈(yi)局(ju)、古(gu)紅(hong)木家具擺設及范曾1980年(nian)繪《對弈(yi)圖》。木刻(ke)楹聯(lian)為長沙(sha)張(zhang)兆鹿偉堂(tang)光緒癸未年(nian)題(ti):“粉(fen)黛江山留得(de)半湖煙(yan)雨,王侯事業都如(ru)一局(ju)棋枰。”
華(hua)(hua)嚴庵(an)(an)位(wei)于(yu)莫愁湖(hu)大(da)門正北(bei),名(ming)來源于(yu)“華(hua)(hua)嚴經”,為(wei)莫愁湖(hu)南岸的一座古剎。清(qing)朝乾隆初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),住(zhu)持僧道成曾(ceng)集合(he)僧眾(zhong)在此修(xiu)行。乾隆五十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1793年(nian)(nian)(nian)),江寧知府李(li)堯棟重(zhong)修(xiu)華(hua)(hua)嚴庵(an)(an)。重(zhong)修(xiu)后的華(hua)(hua)嚴庵(an)(an)為(wei)三券廊拱(gong)門,磚木(mu)結(jie)構(gou),有(you)(you)殿宇數十間(jian),勝棋樓、郁金堂(tang)、抱月(yue)樓、湖(hu)心亭亦(yi)在庵(an)(an)內。道光年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),邑人(ren)(ren)姚氏對華(hua)(hua)嚴庵(an)(an)進行了(le)擴建,華(hua)(hua)嚴庵(an)(an)共有(you)(you)殿宇四十八(ba)間(jian)。咸(xian)豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),華(hua)(hua)嚴庵(an)(an)毀于(yu)戰火。同治(zhi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1864年(nian)(nian)(nian)),曾(ceng)國藩重(zhong)修(xiu),時人(ren)(ren)別(bie)稱“妙(miao)嚴庵(an)(an)”。學者張文虎常與友(you)人(ren)(ren)集于(yu)庵(an)(an)內,吟詩作賦(fu)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)移至景(jing)區大(da)門正北(bei)落地重(zhong)建。華(hua)(hua)嚴庵(an)(an)庵(an)(an)門建筑面闊(kuo)三間(jian),磚木(mu)結(jie)構(gou),建筑面積97.58平(ping)方米,明清(qing)風格,大(da)門懸掛陸鴻吉民(min)國三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1914)8月(yue)題楹聯:“于(yu)此間(jian)得少佳(jia)趣微斯人(ren)(ren)吾與誰歸”,兩側(ce)置花崗(gang)石獅一對,庭院(yuan)內配以湖(hu)石假(jia)山,東院(yuan)門有(you)(you)蕭嫻1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)隸書“采(cai)蓮齋”額。西(xi)側(ce)有(you)(you)回廊與勝棋樓相連。
抱(bao)月(yue)樓位(wei)于莫愁湖(hu)西(xi)南(nan)岸,由(you)(you)(you)一(yi)亭一(yi)臺二(er)角亭組成,是一(yi)座二(er)層混(hun)合結構的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)典建(jian)筑,建(jian)筑面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1300平(ping)方米,樓亭臺基較高(gao),臺基壁面(mian)(mian)(mian)鑲嵌(qian)著200余塊刻有(you)水滸、三國(guo)故事之青石浮雕,倒(dao)覆蓮花瓣。建(jian)于1960年(nian)。抱(bao)月(yue)樓北(bei)側有(you)三面(mian)(mian)(mian)臨水方圓(yuan)600平(ping)方米之水上平(ping)臺,南(nan)側臨坡(po)為古(gu)典舞臺,是景區舉(ju)辦文藝演出的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)活動場所。樓前的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)對石獅,系1966年(nian)由(you)(you)(you)南(nan)京市政府東大門遷此(ci)。“抱(bao)月(yue)樓”匾額由(you)(you)(you)書(shu)法家(jia)蕭嫻(xian)1981年(nian)題(ti)寫。1983年(nian)參(can)照原(yuan)設計(ji)圖建(jian)成,因其部(bu)分(fen)建(jian)筑構件是由(you)(you)(you)二(er)郎廟拆(chai)移而來,故一(yi)度稱作(zuo)“二(er)郎廟”。抱(bao)月(yue)樓二(er)樓是觀賞“莫愁煙(yan)雨”的(de)(de)(de)佳處。
海(hai)棠精品園(yuan)位于莫(mo)愁(chou)湖西(xi)區,占地面積約12600平方米。園(yuan)內栽植海(hai)棠近千株,四十多個品種(zhong)(zhong)。主要品種(zhong)(zhong)有龍形海(hai)棠、莫(mo)愁(chou)紅、長壽樂、貼梗(geng)海(hai)棠、東(dong)洋(yang)錦(jin)、世界一(yi)號、白雪(xue)公(gong)主、高樁(zhuang)一(yi)品香、北美(mei)海(hai)棠系列等。
棋(qi)(qi)文(wen)館位于勝棋(qi)(qi)樓(lou)之東(dong)部,以(yi)弘(hong)揚莫(mo)愁(chou)湖內傳承(cheng)有緒的棋(qi)(qi)奕文(wen)化。勝棋(qi)(qi)樓(lou)名得自明太祖(zu)朱(zhu)元璋(zhang)與中山(shan)王(wang)徐達的弈棋(qi)(qi),其歷史已有六百多年(nian)。受此影響,明清以(yi)來莫(mo)愁(chou)湖已成為歷代帝王(wang)將相、達官顯貴、富商巨賈、文(wen)人騷客弈棋(qi)(qi)交游的活動場所(suo)之一(yi)。
鄒(zou)(zou)魯碑亭(ting)位于莫愁湖南岸待渡亭(ting)西(xi),又(you)稱追思亭(ting)。民國三十七年(nian)(1948年(nian)),鄒(zou)(zou)魯受邀撰《重(zhong)修建(jian)國粵軍陣(zhen)亡(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)士墓記》一文,并刻石立于粵軍陣(zhen)亡(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)士墓旁。1981年(nian),重(zhong)立鄒(zou)(zou)魯碑。2005年(nian),新(xin)建(jian)八角重(zhong)檐碑亭(ting),稱為鄒(zou)(zou)魯碑亭(ting)。
古典家具(ju)(ju)館位于(yu)莫愁水(shui)院(yuan)西側,是典型的江南(nan)園林(lin)庭院(yuan)建(jian)筑。館內家具(ju)(ju)展覽分為三個廳堂,分類(lei)展出二百余件清代古典家具(ju)(ju)。這些家具(ju)(ju)選用酸枝(zhi)、花(hua)梨(li)上等木材制(zhi)成。其種類(lei)多樣,有寶座、案幾、八仙桌(zhuo)、翰臺,還有棋(qi)桌(zhuo)、帶軸(zhou)圓桌(zhuo)等,造型奇(qi)特,做工(gong)精(jing)巧。其中部分家具(ju)(ju)系成套展示,尤為珍貴(gui)。
中日友好鳶(yuan)尾園(yuan)(yuan)位于院內北圩水榭周邊,是中國(guo)首家品(pin)種最(zui)多、栽(zai)植(zhi)規模最(zui)大(da)的菖(chang)蒲(pu)專類園(yuan)(yuan),占地10000平方米,以道(dao)路為界劃分為黃菖(chang)蒲(pu)栽(zai)植(zhi)區(qu)、燕(yan)子花(hua)栽(zai)植(zhi)區(qu)、溪蓀栽(zai)植(zhi)區(qu)、品(pin)種栽(zai)植(zhi)區(qu),有品(pin)種花(hua)菖(chang)蒲(pu)為214個(ge)、燕(yan)子花(hua)4個(ge)、溪蓀53個(ge)。鳶(yuan)尾園(yuan)(yuan)自1995年建(jian)成(cheng)以來,公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)下大(da)力加(jia)強對鳶(yuan)尾的引種、繁殖和(he)栽(zai)培管理工作,同(tong)時(shi)還注意加(jia)強文(wen)化交流(liu),日本友人先后(hou)多次(ci)來公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)進行技術指(zhi)導并贈送新品(pin)種。
粵軍陣亡將(jiang)士(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)位于水(shui)榭荷(he)花(hua)池之北,始建于民國元年(1912年),占地(di)面(mian)(mian)積208平方米(mi)(mi)(mi),坐西(xi)朝(chao)東(dong),青石(shi)(shi)(shi)結構,成圓拱形二(er)層(ceng)(ceng),下層(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑4米(mi)(mi)(mi),有(you)勒腳線(xian),上層(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)廓有(you)長(chang)(chang)1.44米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1.04米(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)方形遺骸池,池口安(an)放(fang)原烈士(shi)(shi)碑(bei)13塊。墓(mu)(mu)碑(bei)分碑(bei)座、碑(bei)身(shen)、碑(bei)頭三部分,碑(bei)身(shen)寬1.45米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)3.15米(mi)(mi)(mi)。正面(mian)(mian)嵌著孫中山先生手書(shu)“建國成仁(ren)”4字(zi),碑(bei)后有(you)黃興撰文粵軍殉難義士(shi)(shi)碑(bei)。墓(mu)(mu)前(qian)有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅兩座,并鋪有(you)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)條石(shi)(shi)(shi)踏步7級,兩側各有(you)高(gao)(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱6根,石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱間(jian)銜接著長(chang)(chang)1.44米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)0.65米(mi)(mi)(mi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)欄板,墓(mu)(mu)地(di)全以(yi)條石(shi)(shi)(shi)鋪裝,圍以(yi)37.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)青磚(zhuan)圍墻。墓(mu)(mu)北首有(you)汪(wang)偽時建無欄單拱石(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)一(yi)座,架于內塘(tang)至湖水(shui)道上,跨度5.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)。1964年改城磚(zhuan)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)為青石(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)面(mian)(mian)。1991年加(jia)漢白(bai)玉橋(qiao)欄。東(dong)南首亦有(you)汪(wang)偽時建無欄單拱石(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)一(yi)座,跨度5.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
6月1日-8月31日:06:30-21:30
9月1日(ri)-5月31日(ri):07:00-21:00
景點開放時間:
(1)勝棋樓片(pian)區及(ji)棋文館(guan)、家具館(guan):
4月1日(ri)—10月31日(ri):8:00—17:30
11月1日—3月31日:8:30—17:00
(2)莫愁水院:
4月1日—10月31日:7:30—18:00
11月1日(ri)—3月31日(ri):8:00—17:30
(3)夜公園開(kai)放時間:
8月(yue)1日—9月(yue)1日:19:30—20:30
公交:
1、漢中門大街35號(北門):南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)9路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)15路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)20路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)29路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)68路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)82路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)127路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)133路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)204路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)307路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)552路、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)D12路莫(mo)愁(chou)新寓站(zhan)
2、水西門大街132號(南門):南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)7路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)10路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)13路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)19路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)37路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)41路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)48路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)132路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)134路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)160路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)166路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)204路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)306路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)D9路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)G6路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)Y7路(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)Y13路(lu)(lu)(lu)莫愁湖公(gong)(gong)(gong)園南(nan)(nan)(nan)門(men)站
地鐵:
南(nan)京地(di)鐵(tie)2號線莫愁(chou)湖站。
莫愁湖(hu)(hu)位(wei)于長(chang)江、秦(qin)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平原,地勢(shi)低下,北面長(chang)江,東面外秦(qin)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)。莫愁湖(hu)(hu)是(shi)低地湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo),由長(chang)江、秦(qin)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平原的(de)(de)(de)低洼(wa)處積(ji)(ji)水而成(cheng),原是(shi)秦(qin)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)入(ru)江口河(he)(he)槽,因泥沙淤積(ji)(ji)而成(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)。沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平原的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)年代并不久,據歷史記載,在三國(guo)東吳以(yi)前(qian),這里(li)還(huan)是(shi)露出長(chang)江水面的(de)(de)(de)幾處小沙洲。當時(shi)長(chang)江河(he)(he)床緊(jin)靠今(jin)日南(nan)京城(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置,以(yi)后(hou)江流外徙,秦(qin)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)也(ye)向(xiang)北延伸,沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平原才逐漸向(xiang)外擴(kuo)展。由于地勢(shi)低下,地下水位(wei)高,低洼(wa)處就積(ji)(ji)水形(xing)成(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)。
莫(mo)愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)屬于淺水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)泊,南(nan)北長約680米,東(dong)西寬約770米,湖(hu)(hu)面標高(gao)4米,湖(hu)(hu)的東(dong)北角(jiao)有兩處雨(yu)水(shui)排(pai)放口。莫(mo)愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)范圍內年降雨(yu)量約為78.54萬(wan)立方米,湖(hu)(hu)體年蒸發(fa)量約47.56萬(wan)立方米,2015、2016年莫(mo)愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)年排(pai)水(shui)量分別約為32.98、39.89萬(wan)立方米。莫(mo)愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)主要功能(neng)為景觀水(shui)域和非(fei)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸的娛樂用水(shui),已無調蓄能(neng)力。
莫愁湖屬亞熱帶季風氣候,其主要特點是四季分明,夏熱冬冷,春秋兩季歷時短暫,雨量集中,春濕多變,秋高氣爽,梅雨顯著,夏雨集中。莫愁湖(hu)年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在15℃,全年(nian)七、八(ba)月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)最熱,歷年(nian)七、八(ba)月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)32—38℃左(zuo)右,以(yi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)最冷,歷年(nian)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)平均(jun)最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-1.5℃,極(ji)端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)43℃,極(ji)端最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-14℃,最大凍土深度9—10厘米,無霜期230天左(zuo)右。全年(nian)日照1989.2小時左(zuo)右。年(nian)平均(jun)降水量(liang)1124毫米,降水日124.2天,雨季集中在6一(yi)8月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen),雨量(liang)占(zhan)全年(nian)50%以(yi)上,從每年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)下旬至7月(yue)(yue)中旬,相對(dui)濕(shi)度最大(76%—81%),陰雨天較(jiao)多,這就是江南的梅雨季節。
莫愁湖(hu)常年(nian)主(zhu)導(dao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)為東北風(feng)(feng)(feng),冬半年(nian)(10—3月(yue))主(zhu)導(dao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang),風(feng)(feng)(feng)速、風(feng)(feng)(feng)頻均以(yi)(yi)北東一東北東風(feng)(feng)(feng)為主(zhu),冬季氣壓高(1040—1060毫(hao)巴(ba)),相對濕度(du)73%—75%,絕對濕度(du)5%—10%,平速風(feng)(feng)(feng)速1.63—2.38米(mi)/秒,夏半年(nian)(4—9月(yue))主(zhu)導(dao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)、風(feng)(feng)(feng)速、風(feng)(feng)(feng)頻以(yi)(yi)東南(nan)東風(feng)(feng)(feng)為主(zhu),高溫季節(jie)(7月(yue)下旬至8月(yue)中旬),則以(yi)(yi)西南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)為主(zhu),夏季氣壓低(1011—1025毫(hao)巴(ba)),相對濕度(du)75%—80%,絕對濕度(du)17.5%—30%,平均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速為2.1—2.7米(mi)/秒。
莫愁(chou)湖有中華秋沙鴨、白(bai)鶴、小天鵝、灰鶴、紅腹錦雞(ji)、水獺、虎紋蛙等多種國家(jia)一、二級保護(hu)動物;有各類(lei)昆蟲(chong)(chong)近80種,其中有叉犀金龜、田鱉、中華奧鍬甲(jia)、烏木白(bai)大蠶蛾(e)等二、三級國家(jia)保護(hu)昆蟲(chong)(chong)8種,有魚類(lei)70種。
莫愁湖有各類野生植物100多種,其中有水蕨、蓮、野菱、銀杏、水杉、樟樹、紅椿、喜樹、核桃、黃蓮、青檀、紫莖、猬實等一、二、三級國家保護植物13種。莫愁湖周圍地(di)(di)勢低(di)洼,自古(gu)多植(zhi)楊柳(liu),湖泊中(zhong)栽荷(he)蓮,荷(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)與肥(fei)藕為第二綠化景觀。1964年配合地(di)(di)形改造,植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)木1259株(zhu),其中(zhong)沿(yan)湖岸增補植(zhi)垂(chui)柳(liu)131株(zhu),陸地(di)(di)植(zhi)以海棠(tang)(tang)類為主的花(hua)(hua)(hua)木,共植(zhi)貼梗(geng)海棠(tang)(tang)30株(zhu)、西府海棠(tang)(tang)200株(zhu)、垂(chui)絲海棠(tang)(tang)350株(zhu),有(you)(you)17個品種(zhong)(zhong)1235株(zhu)海棠(tang)(tang),垂(chui)柳(liu)209株(zhu)。此(ci)后引進(jin)觀葉植(zhi)物200余種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)120余種(zhong)(zhong)適應南京地(di)(di)區生長。其中(zhong)有(you)(you)秋(qiu)海棠(tang)(tang)40種(zhong)(zhong),天南星科(ke)(ke)、鳳梨科(ke)(ke)50余種(zhong)(zhong)。