明(ming)(ming)城(cheng)墻(qiang)遺址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園屬(shu)于(yu)古(gu)建筑遺址(zhi)類型的(de)景區,其中城(cheng)墻(qiang)遺址(zhi)及城(cheng)東南角樓(lou)(lou)占地3.3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),綠地面積12.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。歷史上明(ming)(ming)城(cheng)墻(qiang)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)40公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,始建于(yu)明(ming)(ming)永(yong)樂17年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1419年(nian)),距(ju)今已有(you)580多年(nian)的(de)歷史。現存(cun)崇文門至城(cheng)東南角樓(lou)(lou)的(de)城(cheng)墻(qiang)遺址(zhi)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,是僅存(cun)的(de)一段,也是北京城(cheng)的(de)標志。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園外圍是一片(pian)沿200米長(chang)(chang)的(de)帶狀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共綠地,根據不同功能可分為老北京南城(cheng)根文化區、現代(dai)雕塑(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園、東便門角樓(lou)(lou)市民(min)休(xiu)閑(xian)區、城(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)遺址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園紀念林、北京火車站南出口及廣場等五個部分。城(cheng)墻(qiang)北側將形(xing)成(cheng)封閉(bi)的(de)郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥的(de)綠化帶,而城(cheng)墻(qiang)南側園路的(de)線形(xing)、植物的(de)配置都(dou)力求(qiu)簡潔大方(fang)。
角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樓(lou)為明、清兩代北京內城東(dong)南轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處的(de)箭樓(lou),簡稱角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樓(lou)。原北京有(you)內外(wai)城之(zhi)分(fen),內城建(jian)筑較早,為明朝在元大都(dou)的(de)基礎上(shang)改建(jian)的(de)。角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樓(lou)始建(jian)于明正統元年十月(1436年),距今已有(you)500余(yu)年歷史。東(dong)南角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樓(lou)是全國(guo)僅存的(de)規(gui)模最大的(de)城垣轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樓(lou),是全國(guo)重(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位。
城墻上面突出來得部分叫墩(dun)(dun)臺。墩(dun)(dun)臺亦稱“馬面”,是城墻建筑的一部分。崇文門至角樓一線(xian)的城墻有墩(dun)(dun)臺12座,城垣(yuan)外(wai)壁每(mei)隔大約80米(mi)(mi)就建有一座。是增強防(fang)御能力(li),以(yi)消滅進入城墻死角內的敵人(ren)。其中(zhong),位于公園(yuan)中(zhong)部的一座墩(dun)(dun)臺長(chang)39米(mi)(mi),可(ke)謂京城之(zhi)最。
京(jing)奉鐵路(lu)信號所是1901年與前門火車站(zhan)同年由英國鐵路(lu)工程(cheng)師"金達"設計(ji)建(jian)造(zao)的。是北京(jing)到遼寧的第一座信號所,至今已逾100年了。京(jing)奉鐵路(lu)信號所是在明(ming)城墻遺址公園修建(jian)過程(cheng)中發(fa)現(xian)的。它的發(fa)現(xian)對于(yu)研究中國鐵路(lu)交(jiao)通史很有價值(zhi)。
在明城墻腳(jiao)下,有很多的(de)古(gu)樹,其中以(yi)國槐居多。古(gu)老的(de)城墻,參(can)天的(de)古(gu)樹,一幅絕美的(de)畫卷展(zhan)現在游人(ren)面前,令人(ren)心怡神(shen)曠(kuang)!
乘(cheng)特2、25路(lu)(lu)、29路(lu)(lu)、39路(lu)(lu)、43路(lu)(lu)、44路(lu)(lu)、59路(lu)(lu)、434路(lu)(lu)、713路(lu)(lu)、820路(lu)(lu)至(zhi)東便門(men)站(zhan)下(xia)
地鐵2號(hao)線,建(jian)國門站或(huo)者北京站下。
明城(cheng)(cheng)墻只保留正陽(yang)門、正陽(yang)門箭(jian)樓、德勝(sheng)門箭(jian)樓、東南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)樓、內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)的南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和西城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殘段。明代(dai)北京內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的前身是(shi)元大(da)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。元大(da)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)長60里,設城(cheng)(cheng)門ll座,城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)全部是(shi)板筑(zhu)夯土墻,高12米,寬31米。明洪武元年(1368),徐達在(zai)修整元北城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的同時,在(zai)距北城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以南(nan)3公里的地方,加修了一(yi)道(dao)新(xin)的城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),新(xin)建北城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的西端正值長河的河床,故將城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)改道(dao),自德勝(sheng)門以西起,城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)即向南(nan)偏斜(xie)。造成北京內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)西北缺一(yi)角(jiao)。
新建的(de)北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻較內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)三面(mian)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣高且寬,高4丈(zhang)(zhang)多,頂寬5丈(zhang)(zhang),而其(qi)他(ta)(ta)三面(mian)則高3丈(zhang)(zhang)余,頂闊2丈(zhang)(zhang)。南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣是在(zai)東、西長安街一(yi)線上,永樂十七(qi)年(1419),因修皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)營(ying)建大內(nei),為把五府(fu)六部(bu)都擺在(zai)皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)前面(mian),便將南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣向南(nan)(nan)拓展約O.8公里,即今天的(de)南(nan)(nan)二環路。明(ming)正(zheng)統(tong)元年(1436)修筑了九門(men)(men)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)。經(jing)過修整(zheng)過的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men),不(bu)僅建筑了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou),門(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)還設(she)立了箭樓(lou)、甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),并在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣的(de)四角設(she)立了角樓(lou)。除正(zheng)陽門(men)(men)箭樓(lou)設(she)門(men)(men)外(wai)(wai),其(qi)余均不(bu)設(she)門(men)(men)。除正(zheng)陽門(men)(men)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)辟(pi)(pi)門(men)(men)兩座外(wai)(wai),均于甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)側辟(pi)(pi)門(men)(men)一(yi)座。此外(wai)(wai),又把護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕加(jia)深,有些(xie)地方還用磚(zhuan)石(shi)壘砌(qi)。九門(men)(men)的(de)外(wai)(wai)面(mian),原來是木橋通渡,全(quan)部(bu)改(gai)成石(shi)橋,并設(she)立了水閘。為加(jia)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣,從(cong)洪武(wu)年間起(qi)就在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣的(de)外(wai)(wai)壁加(jia)一(yi)層城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚(zhuan)。這項工程,一(yi)直延續到正(zheng)統(tong)年間,才將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣的(de)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)壁全(quan)部(bu)用磚(zhuan)包砌(qi)。